Background
To report associations between p16 status, clinicopathologic characteristics, and outcomes for unknown primary head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (SCCUPS).
Methods
Specimens of SCCUPS were re-analyzed. HPV status was determined by p16 stain. A tissue microarray (TMA) was constructed to evaluate biomarkers potentially prognostic in HNSCC.
Results
A majority of the population (n = 26, 74%) was p16+. Prognostic factors benefitting survival were p16+ status (p < 0.0001), absence of macroscopic extracapsular extension [ECE] (p = 0.004), younger age (p = 0.01), and higher grade (p = 0.007). The prognostic implication of worse OS with macroscopic ECE (p = 0.009) remained significant when limited to p16+ patients (p=0.002). Exploratory TMA between unknown primary and controls suggested a biomolecular difference between SCCUPS and known-primary cancer.
Conclusions
The majority of SCCUPS patients were p16+, indicative of HPV association. p16 staining and ECE appear to be the most prognostic features in SCCUPS.