Dosimetric Impact of a New Computational Voxel Phantom Series for the Japanese Atomic Bomb Survivors: Pregnant Females

Paulbeck, Colin; Griffin, Keith; Lee, Choonsik; Cullings, Harry M.; Egbert, Stephen D.; Funamoto, Sachiyo; Sato, Tatsuhiko; Endo, Akira; Hertel, Nolan E.; Bolch, Wesley E.

doi:10.1667/rr15394.1

Cited by 14 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Although the extent of random error in those assessments is unknown, the former were partly validated and the latter were strictly controlled. Seventh, fetal DS02R1 dose estimates are based on the uterine wall of a non-pregnant adult female; Paulbeck et al ( 2019 ) note that this in general underestimates the fetal dose. Until new fetal dose estimates become available, however, we can only speculate that the location of the low-dose increase in translocation frequency might occur in a higher range of doses than that revealed in the present analysis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chromosome aberrations among atomic-bomb survivors exposed in utero: updated analysis accounting for revised radiation doses and smoking

Cologne

Sugiyama

Hamasaki

et al. 2022

Radiat Environ Biophys

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A previous study of peripheral blood lymphocyte translocations around age 40 among atomic-bomb survivors exposed in utero revealed no overall association with radiation dose—despite a clear association between translocations and dose among their mothers—but the data suggested an increase at doses below 100 mGy with a definite peak. That analysis of the in utero-exposed survivors did not adjust for their subsequent smoking behavior, an established cause of chromosomal aberrations, or their subsequent exposures to medical irradiation, a potential mediator. In addition, atomic-bomb survivor radiation dose estimates have subsequently been updated and refined. We therefore re-estimated the dose response using the latest DS02R1 dose estimates and adjusting for smoking as well as for city and proximal–distal location at the time of exposure to the atomic bomb. Sex of the survivor, mother’s age around the time of conception, and approximate trimester of gestation at the time of exposure were also considered as explanatory variables and modifiers. Precision of the estimated dose response was slightly lower due to greater variability near zero in the updated dose estimates, but there was little change in evidence of a low-dose increase and still no suggestion of an overall increase across the entire dose range. Adjustment for smoking behavior led to a decline in background number of translocations (the dose–response intercept), but smoking did not interact with dose overall (across the entire dose range). Adjustment for medical irradiation did not alter the association between dose and translocation frequency. Sex, mother’s age, and trimester were not associated with number of translocations, nor did they interact with dose overall. Interactions with dose in the low-dose range could not be evaluated because of numerical instability.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chromosome aberrations among atomic-bomb survivors exposed in utero: updated analysis accounting for revised radiation doses and smoking

Cologne

Sugiyama

Hamasaki

et al. 2022

Radiat Environ Biophys

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“…First, fetal radiation doses by gestational age at exposure were not available, thus maternal uterine doses were used as a surrogate. Recently, a collaborative study developed the J45 Pregnant Female Voxel Phantom Series scaling to 1945 Japanese body size to estimate fetal dose and uterine wall dose of a pregnant woman [31]. According to this report, dose to the uterine wall of the non-pregnant female generally underestimates fetal organ dose within the pregnant female.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mortality among individuals exposed to atomic bomb radiation in utero: 1950–2012

et al. 2021

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We examined the mortality risks among 2463 individuals who were exposed in utero to atomic bomb radiation in Hiroshima or Nagasaki in August 1945 and were followed from October 1950 through 2012. Individual estimates of mother’s weighted absorbed uterine dose (DS02R1) were used. Poisson regression method was used to estimate the radiation-associated excess relative risk per Gy (ERR/Gy) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for cause-specific mortality. Head size, birth weight, and parents’ survival status were evaluated as potential mediators of radiation effect. There were 339 deaths (216 males and 123 females) including deaths from solid cancer (n = 137), lymphohematopoietic cancer (n = 8), noncancer disease (n = 134), external cause (n = 56), and unknown cause (n = 4). Among males, the unadjusted ERR/Gy (95% CI) was increased for noncancer disease mortality (1.22, 0.10–3.14), but not for solid cancer mortality (− 0.18, < − 0.77–0.95); the unadjusted ERR/Gy for external cause mortality was not statistically significant (0.28, < − 0.60–2.36). Among females, the unadjusted ERRs/Gy were increased for solid cancer (2.24, 0.44–5.58), noncancer (2.86, 0.56–7.64), and external cause mortality (2.57, 0.20–9.19). The ERRs/Gy adjusted for potential mediators did not change appreciably for solid cancer mortality, but decreased notably for noncancer mortality (0.39, < − 0.43–1.91 for males; 1.48, − 0.046–4.55 for females) and external cause mortality (0.10, < − 0.57–1.96 for males; 1.38, < − 0.46–5.95 for females). In conclusion, antenatal radiation exposure is a consistent risk factor for increased solid cancer mortality among females, but not among males. The effect of exposure to atomic bomb radiation on noncancer disease and external cause mortality among individuals exposed in utero was mediated through small head size, low birth weight, and parental loss.

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“…This may be attributed to organs being positioned either more forwardly (colon) or more deeply (stomach wall) within the body of the J45 adult than in the DS86/02 adult phantom. Previous work by the authors has suggested that neutron dose in survivor dosimetry is more sensitive to organ positioning (and thus body self-shielding) than gamma dose (Griffin et al 2019 ; Paulbeck et al 2019 ).…”

Section: Impact Of Monte Carlo Updatementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The J45 series provides many advantages: improvements in anatomical realism, improved distinction between body types based on age, sex, and pregnancy status, as well as a greater number of organs available for dosimetry than before. In their initial pilot studies, the working group used simplified planar source terms to irradiate the new J45 pediatric, adult, and pregnant phantom series and calculate the differences in organ dose coefficients expected between the old and new phantom series (Griffin et al 2019 ; Paulbeck et al 2019 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Japanese pediatric and adult atomic bomb survivor dosimetry: potential improvements using the J45 phantom series and modern Monte Carlo transport

Griffin

Sato

Funamoto

et al. 2021

Radiat Environ Biophys

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The radiation exposure estimates for the atomic bomb survivors at Hiroshima and Nagasaki have evolved over the past several decades, reflecting a constant strive by the Radiation Effects Research Foundation (RERF) to provide thorough dosimetry to their cohort. Recently, a working group has introduced a new series of anatomical models, called the J45 phantom series, which improves upon those currently used at RERF through greater age resolution, sex distinction, anatomical realism, and organ dose availability. To evaluate the potential dosimetry improvements that would arise from their use in an RERF Dosimetry System, organ doses in the J45 series are evaluated here using environmental fluence data for 20 generalized survivor scenarios pulled directly from the current dosimetry system. The energy- and angle-dependent gamma and neutron fluences were converted to a source term for use in MCNP6, a modern Monte Carlo radiation transport code. Overall, the updated phantom series would be expected to provide dose improvements to several important organs, including the active marrow, colon, and stomach wall (up to 20, 20, and 15% impact on total dose, respectively). The impacts were especially significant for neutron dose estimates (up to a two-fold difference) and within organs which were unavailable in the previous phantom series. These impacts were consistent across the 20 scenarios and are potentially even greater when biological effectiveness of the neutron dose component is considered. The entirety of the dosimetry results for all organs are available as supplementary data, providing confident justification for potential future DS workflows utilizing the J45 phantom series.

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Dosimetric Impact of a New Computational Voxel Phantom Series for the Japanese Atomic Bomb Survivors: Pregnant Females

Cited by 14 publications

References 22 publications

Chromosome aberrations among atomic-bomb survivors exposed in utero: updated analysis accounting for revised radiation doses and smoking

Chromosome aberrations among atomic-bomb survivors exposed in utero: updated analysis accounting for revised radiation doses and smoking

Mortality among individuals exposed to atomic bomb radiation in utero: 1950–2012

Japanese pediatric and adult atomic bomb survivor dosimetry: potential improvements using the J45 phantom series and modern Monte Carlo transport

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