Dosimetry Assessments in the Irradiation Facilities at the CERN-PS Accelerator

Abstract

At the CERN Proton Synchrotron (PS) accelerator complex, two experimental zones allow the irradiation of samples in a 23 GeV pure proton beam and in a secondary particle environment dominated by 1-MeV neutrons and gamma rays. In this paper a review of the operative irradiation systems named IRRADI and IRRAD2 is presented, as well as the improvements in the techniques used for the beam characterizations and dosimetry.

Experimental Determination of Proton Hardness Factors at Several Irradiation Facilities

“…It is noted that the significantly larger uncertainties on the hardness factor for 23 and 24 MeV protons stems from uncertainties in the dosimetry, and, specifically, the uncertainty on the cross-section of the 28 Ni(p, X) 28 Ni 57 process which is taken conservatively to be approximately 20% based on the spread of cross-section measurements. Thanks to the higher proton energy, dosimetry at IRRAD is performed using aluminium foils, with the respective cross-setion uncertainty taken to be approximately 7% [25,26]. As a result, these measurements could benefit from improved dosimetry, potentially through the use of a, specifically designed, transmission ionisation chamber that could operate at large beam currents.…”

IHP SiGe:C BiCMOS Technologies as a Suitable Backup Solution for the ATLAS Upgrade Front-End Electronics

“…400 ms each, with a maximal intensity of 2 protons per spill. Dosimetry was carried out by the technique of aluminum foils activation [13]. Devices were irradiated at room temperature.…”

“…Conversion from 24 GeV proton fluence into deposited dose has been calculated by means of the following formula [13]: (2) where is the deposited dose on the sample (in Gy), is a scale factor, is the proton fluence expressed in particles/ , and , expressed in , is the stopping power, given by the Bethe-Bloch law, which, for 24 GeV protons in silicon, has a value of 1.664 [13].…”

A new approach in predicting the response of silicon p-i-n diodes used as radiation monitoring sensors up to very high fluences

“…In this work, the BPW34FS silicon p-i-n diodes were exposed to the 24 GeV/c proton beam of the IRRAD1 facility at CERN [9] with fluences ranging from 1.4×10 11 up to 6.3×10 15 n eq /cm 2 . Irradiations were carried out at room temperature with a fluence accuracy within ± 7%.…”