Dosimetry of Thermal Neutron Beamlines at a Pulsed Spallation Source for Application to the Irradiation of Microelectronics

Cazzaniga, Carlo; Raspino, D.; Sykora, G.J.; Frost, Christopher

doi:10.1109/tns.2021.3064681

Cited by 11 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 34 publications

(38 reference statements)

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“…The ISIS neutron source also feature various thermal neutrons facilities, such as the equipment materials and mechanics analyzer (EMMA) [26], that has a line of sight on the water moderator of the main neutron source. The thermal neutron beam is achieved from the pulsed neutrons source thanks to a chopper (a rotating device used to block a portion of the neutron beam in time) that is synchronous with the proton pulse, thus cutting the fast neutron portion of the spectrum, letting through only the thermal component.…”

Section: Normalized Error Ratementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The thermal neutron flux delivered at EMMA is of about 2.32 × 10 6 n/cm 2 /s. More details about the neutrons spectrum and the flux measurements at EMMA can be found in [26]. The availability of both high energy (ChipIR) and thermal (EMMA) neutrons facilities at ISIS is very convenient, as the same setup and the same devices can be tested back-to-back in both beam lines, allowing a direct comparisons of the sensitivity of the same device to two different neutrons spectra.…”

Section: Normalized Error Ratementioning

confidence: 99%

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High Energy and Thermal Neutron Sensitivity of Google Tensor Processing Units

Rech

Malde

Cazzaniga

et al. 2022

IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci.

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In this paper we investigate the reliability of Google's Coral Tensor Processing Units (TPUs) to both high energy atmospheric neutrons (at ChipIR) and thermal neutrons from a pulsed source (at EMMA) and from a reactor (at TENIS). We report data obtained with an overall fluence of 3.41 × 10 12 n/cm 2 for atmospheric neutrons (equivalent to more than 30 million years of natural irradiation) and of 7.55×10 12 n/cm 2 for thermal neutrons. We evaluate the behavior of TPUs executing elementary operations with increasing input sizes (standard convolutions or depthwise convolutions) as well as eight CNNs configurations (SSD MobileNet v2 and SSD MobileDet, trained with COCO dataset, and Inception v4 and ResNet-50, with ILSVRC2012 dataset). We found that, despite the high error rate, most neutrons-induced errors only slightly modify the convolution output and do not change the CNNs detection or classification. By reporting details about the error model we provide valuable information on how to design the CNNs to avoid neutron-induced events to lead to miss detections or classifications.

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Section: Normalized Error Ratementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Normalized Error Ratementioning

confidence: 99%

High Energy and Thermal Neutron Sensitivity of Google Tensor Processing Units

Rech

Malde

Cazzaniga

et al. 2022

IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci.

Self Cite

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“…The ISIS neutron source also features various thermal neutrons facilities, such as the Equipment Materials and Mechanics Analyzer (EMMA) (CAZZANIGA et al, 2021) that has a line of sight on the water moderator of the main neutron source. The thermal neutron beam is achieved from the pulsed neutrons source thanks to a chopper, i.e., a rotating device used to block a portion of the neutron beam in time, that is synchronous with the proton pulse, thus cutting the fast neutron portion of the spectrum, letting through only the thermal component.…”

Section: Thermal Neutrons At Emmamentioning

confidence: 99%

Reliability of Google's Tensor Processing Units for Embedded Applications

Rech

2022

2022 Design, Automation &Amp; Test in Europe Conference &Amp; Exhibition (DATE)

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limit. I am immensely grateful for everything, and I am profundly proud of being his student. Besides that, although separated by an ocean, the weekly meetings and calls during these incredible three years have made us close and I am glad to call him a very important friend of mine.To the most important people in my life, my mom and dad, there are not enough words to show how grateful I am for all the motivation and support they have given me throughout my life.For all the happy moments together, the access to countless opportunities that changed my life, and unconditional love, I will be forever grateful to them. They always made me believe in myself, taught me the most important values in life and, for all that, I became who I am today. And I am immeasurably proud of who I am and the fathers I have! My sincere thanks to my girlfriend Letícia, who was very important for this work, not only because she helped me to review it with very wise opinions, but she showed me the most beautiful feelings and, with that, she genuinely inpired me. She has taught me a lot about life, especially making me happier than ever.I would like to express my deep gratitude to the most important friends of mine, Filipe, Guilherme, Rafael and Thomaz (alphabetically ordered!). We have been through the craziest and most amazing experiences together, as well as the funniest moments.They inspire me to find balance in me and encourage me to seek and be the best version of myself. I thank Guilherme, in particular, who supported me and was a fundamental person especially during my first year at the university.Last but not least, I would like to acknowledge the precious effort of the ChipIR and ILL teams. Thanks to them, either remotely or in person, we were able to carry out the radiation experiments that are the foundation of this work. AGRADECIMENTOSEu não poderia começar a expressar minha gratidão a ninguém que náo o meu professor Paolo Rech. Ele tem sido, de longe, o melhor professor que já tive e, claro, foi fundamental para a realização deste trabalho. Apesar de não ter tido a oportunidade de ser aluno dele em disciplinas na faculdade, ele tem sido meu orientador de iniciação científica há mais de três anos! Ele não só tem me ensinado muito tecnicamente e academicamente, mas sempre me motivou a aprender mais e ir além do que eu achava ser o meu limite. Sou imensamente grato por tudo, e tenho muito orgulho de ser seu aluno. Além disso, embora separados por um oceano, as reuniões e ligações semanais durante esses três incríveis anos nos aproximaram e tenho o prazer de chamá-lo de um amigo muito importante.Às pessoas mais importantes da minha vida, minha mãe e meu pai, não há palavras suficientes para demonstrar o quanto sou grato por toda a motivação e apoio que me deram ao longo da minha vida. Por todos os momentos felizes juntos, o acesso a inúmeras oportunidades que mudaram minha vida e o amor incondicional, serei eternamente grato a eles. Sempre me fizeram acreditar em mim mesmo, me ensinaram os valores mais importantes da vida e, por t...

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“…EMMA [5] is a thermal neutron irradiation installation built around the synchrotron target station 1 at the RAL complex. Differently from ILL, the thermal neutrons are obtained from the spallation of high-energy protons (800 MeV) with a tungsten target and also cooled down to thermal energies by means of moderators.…”

Section: Ral -Emmamentioning

confidence: 99%