$$\dot{V}{\text{O}}_{ 2}$$ V ˙ O 2 kinetics and metabolic contributions during full and upper body extreme swimming intensity

Ribeiro, João; Figueiredo, Pedro; Sousa, Ana; Monteiro, Joaquim; Pelarigo, Jailton Gregório; Vilas-Boas, João Paulo; Toussaint, H.M.; Fernandes, Ricardo Ferreira

doi:10.1007/s00421-014-3093-5

Cited by 58 publications

(56 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Research documented that [La 2 ] caused a greater release of oxygen from hemoglobin for working muscles, an enhancement of blood flow, and alter the neurologic feedback for energy production (12,34). These effects could emerge in an optimized aerobic stimulation during a race where this energy metabolism could contribute with 43% of the energy expenditure (32). Furthermore, the lactate shuttle inside muscle fibers could facilitate the use of lactate as fuel by the other muscle fibers (14) and/or the acidosis resultant of glycolysis could function as a protective mechanism on potassium-depressed muscle contractions (31).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

The Effects of Different Warm-up Volumes on the 100-m Swimming Performance

Neiva

Marques

Barbosa

et al. 2015

Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research

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The aim of this study was to compare the effect of 3 different warm-up (WU) volumes on 100-m swimming performance. Eleven male swimmers at the national level completed 3 time trials of 100-m freestyle on separate days and after a standard WU, a short WU (SWU), or a long WU (LWU) in a randomized sequence. All of them replicated some usual sets and drills, and the WU totaled 1,200 m, the SWU totaled 600 m, and the LWU totaled 1,800 m. The swimmers were faster after the WU (59.29 seconds; confidence interval [CI] 95%, 57.98-60.61) and after the SWU (59.38 seconds; CI 95%, 57.92-60.84) compared with the LWU (60.18 seconds; CI 95%, 58.53-61.83). The second 50-m lap after the WU was performed with a higher stroke length (effect size [ES] = 0.77), stroke index (ES = 1.26), and propelling efficiency (ES = 0.78) than that after the SWU. Both WU and SWU resulted in higher pretrial values of blood lactate concentrations [La] compared with LWU (ES = 1.58 and 0.74, respectively), and the testosterone:cortisol levels were increased in WU compared with LWU (ES = 0.86). In addition, the trial after WU caused higher [La] (ES ≥ 0.68) and testosterone:cortisol values compared with the LWU (ES = 0.93). These results suggest that an LWU could impair 100-m freestyle performance. The swimmers showed higher efficiency during the race after a 1200-m WU, suggesting a favorable situation. It highlighted the importance of the [La] and hormonal responses to each particular WU, possibly influencing performance and biomechanical responses during a 100-m race.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

The Effects of Different Warm-up Volumes on the 100-m Swimming Performance

Neiva

Marques

Barbosa

et al. 2015

Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research

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“…Higher values during front crawl might have occurred as it was the first technique and participants were trying to swim close to real-swimming technique. Moreover, during front crawl was also lower than real-swimming with full body and upper body 20 . Alternatively, lower during breaststroke could be explained by the lower range of motion (activity) of the upper-limbs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 83%

“…tennis, bowling) 21 but lower than games incorporating both upper and lower limbs 14 and real-swimming 20 . Possible explanations lie within the different design (incorporating different muscle groups), different EE measurement methodologies, different demands of gaming platform and efficient interaction with the gaming platform.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Physiological demands of a swimming-based video game: Influence of gender, swimming background, and exergame experience

Soltani¹,

Figueiredo²,

Ribeiro³

et al. 2017

Sci Rep

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Active video games (exergames) may provide short-term increase in energy expenditure. We explored the effects of gender and prior experience on aerobic and anaerobic energy systems contributions, and the activity profiles of 40 participants playing with a swimming exergame. We recorded oxygen consumption and assessed blood lactate after each swimming technique. We also filmed participants’ gameplays, divided them into different phases and tagged them as active or inactive. Anaerobic pathway accounted for 8.9 ± 5.6% of total energy expenditure and although experienced players were less active compared to novice counterparts (η² < 0.15, p < 0.05), physiological measures were not different between performing groups. However, players with real-swimming experience during the first technique had higher heart rate (partial-η² = 0.09, p < 0.05). Our results suggest that short-term increase in physiological measures might happen in the beginning of gameplay because of unfamiliarity with the game mechanics. Despite low levels of activity compared to real sport, both aerobic and anaerobic energy systems should be considered in the evaluation of exergames. Game mechanics (involving the whole body) and strategies to minimize pragmatic play might be used for effective and meaningful game experience.

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“…The majority of previous research investigating the upper-and lower-limb contributions to swimming performance have utilized maximal intensity efforts, 1,2,19 with relatively few investigations using submaximal intensities. 3,4 The physiological (V O2, heart rate and [La -]) and biomechanical (velocity and stroke rate) data observed at the low and moderate intensities in the present study are similar to those reported by others investigating the effects of intensity on V O2 kinetics, 12 3D kinematics, 11 and arm coordination and stroke parameters.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%