Double active transient thermography

Machado, Miguel A.; Silva, Maria Santos; Martins, Ana P.; Carvalho, Marta; Santos, Telmo G.

doi:10.1016/j.ndteint.2021.102566

Cited by 15 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 24 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…In addition, Continuous Wave Terahertz imaging was found to be especially interesting to image water infiltrations and composite materials that contain conductive wires [8]. Thermography techniques were also used to monitor the health of systems, such as the innovative variant of Active Transient Thermography known as Double Active Transient Thermography, which increased the temperature contrast for delamination defects at different depths and locations [4].…”

Section: Fundaments and Techniques Of Shmmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Currently, continuous and real-time SHM are assisted with the classical Non-Destructive Testing (NDT) techniques, such as ultrasounds [2], X-ray [3], infrared thermography [4], holographic interferometry [5], eddy currents [6,7], terahertz [8], among others, which require highly specialized labour along with expensive procedures. Furthermore, periodic inspections, that are the most traditional form of structural monitoring, are unable to provide any information on accidents and failures that occur between two successive revisions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Embedded Sensors for Structural Health Monitoring: Methodologies and Applications Review

Ferreira¹,

Machado²,

Carvalho³

et al. 2022

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Sensing Technology (ST) plays a key role in Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) systems. ST focuses on developing sensors, sensory systems or smart materials that monitor a wide variety of materials properties aiming to create smart structures and smart materials, using Embedded Sensors (ESs), and allowing continuous and permanent measurements of the structural integrity. The integration of ESs is limited to the processing technology to embed the sensor due to its high-temperature sensitivity and the possibility of damage during its insertion into the structure. In addition, the technological process selection is dependent on the base material composition, either metallic or composite parts. The selection of smart sensors or the technology underlying them is fundamental to the monitoring mode. This paper presents a critical review of the fundaments and applications of sensing technologies for SHM employing ESs, focusing on the actual developments and innovation of these, as well as analysing the challenges that these technologies present, to build a path that allows a connected world through distributed measurement systems.

show abstract

Section: Fundaments and Techniques Of Shmmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Embedded Sensors for Structural Health Monitoring: Methodologies and Applications Review

Ferreira¹,

Machado²,

Carvalho³

et al. 2022

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Passive thermography is normally utilised for materials which are not thermally balanced and possess temperature contrasts with the neighbouring environment, for example this can be used for examination of water ingress after the landing of aircraft because of the considerable temperature difference between the aircraft material and water [119]. However, in active thermography, the material is exposed to thermal energy externally to induce the temperature difference between the required areas by utilising various heat sources or even cold sources [120,121], or both energy sources applied simultaneously on opposite regions [122], or both sources applied subsequently on the same region [123]. Active thermography is the most widely used technique for NDE of composite aerospace parts [4,124], and it can be subdivided into acoustic/ultrasonicstimulated thermography [125][126][127][128], eddy current-stimulated thermography [129], indirect material-based thermography (metal-based, carbon nanotube-based, and shape memory alloy-based) [130][131][132], and optically stimulated thermography (pulsed/flash, lockin/amplitude modulated, step-heating, long pulse, frequency modulated, laser-spot, and laser-line type thermography) [126,[133][134][135][136][137][138].…”

Section: Infrared Thermography-based Ndementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Infrared Thermography-based Ndementioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of Sensing Technologies for Non-Destructive Evaluation of Structural Composite Materials

et al. 2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The growing demand and diversity in the application of industrial composites and the current inability of present non-destructive evaluation (NDE) methods to perform detailed inspection of these composites has motivated this comprehensive review of sensing technologies. NDE has the potential to be a versatile tool for maintaining composite structures deployed in hazardous and inaccessible areas, such as offshore wind farms and nuclear power plants. Therefore, the future composite solutions need to take into consideration the niche requirements of these high-value/critical applications. Composite materials are intrinsically complex due to their anisotropic and non-homogeneous characteristics. This presents a significant challenge for evaluation and the associated data analysis for NDEs. For example, the quality assurance, certification of composite structures, and early detection of the failure is complex due to the variability and tolerances involved in the composite manufacturing. Adapting existing NDE methods to detect and locate the defects at multiple length scales in the complex materials represents a significant challenge, resulting in a delayed and incorrect diagnosis of the structural health. This paper presents a comprehensive review of the NDE techniques, that includes a detailed discussion of their working principles, setup, advantages, limitations, and usage level for the structural composites. A comparison between these techniques is also presented, providing an insight into the future trends for composites’ prognostic and health management (PHM). Current research trends show the emergence of the non-contact-type NDE (including digital image correlation, infrared tomography, as well as disruptive frequency-modulated continuous wave techniques) for structural composites, and the reasons for their choice over the most popular contact-type (ultrasonic, acoustic, and piezoelectric testing) NDE methods is also discussed. The analysis of this new sensing modality for composites’ is presented within the context of the state-of-the-art and projected future requirements.

show abstract

“…Currently, continuous and real-time SHM systems are assisted with the classical Non-Destructive Testing (NDT) techniques, such as ultrasounds [ 2 ], X-rays [ 3 ], infrared thermography [ 4 ], holographic interferometry [ 5 ], eddy currents [ 6 , 7 ], and terahertz [ 8 ], among others, which require highly specialised labour along with expensive procedures. Furthermore, periodic inspections, which are the most traditional form of structural monitoring, are unable to provide any information on accidents and failures that occur between two successive revisions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Embedded Sensors for Structural Health Monitoring: Methodologies and Applications Review

Ferreira

Machado

Carvalho

et al. 2022

Sensors

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Sensing Technology (ST) plays a key role in Structural Health-Monitoring (SHM) systems. ST focuses on developing sensors, sensory systems, or smart materials that monitor a wide variety of materials’ properties aiming to create smart structures and smart materials, using Embedded Sensors (ESs), and enabling continuous and permanent measurements of their structural integrity. The integration of ESs is limited to the processing technology used to embed the sensor due to its high-temperature sensitivity and the possibility of damage during its insertion into the structure. In addition, the technological process selection is dependent on the base material’s composition, which comprises either metallic or composite parts. The selection of smart sensors or the technology underlying them is fundamental to the monitoring mode. This paper presents a critical review of the fundaments and applications of sensing technologies for SHM systems employing ESs, focusing on their actual developments and innovation, as well as analysing the challenges that these technologies present, in order to build a path that allows for a connected world through distributed measurement systems.

show abstract

Double active transient thermography

Cited by 15 publications

References 24 publications

Embedded Sensors for Structural Health Monitoring: Methodologies and Applications Review

Embedded Sensors for Structural Health Monitoring: Methodologies and Applications Review

A Review of Sensing Technologies for Non-Destructive Evaluation of Structural Composite Materials

Embedded Sensors for Structural Health Monitoring: Methodologies and Applications Review

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About