Double insult: flu bug enhances SARS-CoV-2 infectivity

Su, Shan; Liu, Zezhong; Jiang, Shibo

doi:10.1038/s41422-021-00498-6

Cited by 6 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…IAV is one of the most commonly recognized respiratory viruses identified as coinfected with SARS‐CoV‐2 5 . Studies have shown that coinfection with SARS‐CoV‐2 during the acute stage of IAV infection further increases the risk of multiple tissue or organ disease in patients, leading to the occurrence of higher rates of severe illness and mortality 6–8 . Vaccination is one of the most effective measures to prevent respiratory infectious viruses.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A subunit‐based influenza/SARS‐CoV‐2 Omicron combined vaccine induced potent protective immunity in BALB/c mice

Zhang,

Ye,

et al. 2024

Journal of Medical Virology

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Infection with influenza A virus (IAV) and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) poses a significant risk to human life, health, and the global economy. Vaccination is one of the most effective strategies in the fight against infectious viruses. In this study, we, for the first time, have evaluated the immunogenicity and protective effect of an influenza/SARS‐CoV‐2 Omicron subunit combined vaccine adjuvanted with MF59 and administered to BALB/c mice. Results showed that the combined vaccine induced high levels of IgG, IgG1, and IgG2a antibodies, as well as influenza A H1N1/California/2009 virus‐specific hemagglutination‐inhibiting antibodies in BALB/c mice. Moreover, this subunit combined vaccine induced high titers of neutralization antibodies against SARS‐CoV‐2 Omicron sublineage BA.5 pseudovirus and effectively reduced the viral load of authentic SARS‐CoV‐2 Omicron sublineage BA.5.2 in the cell culture supernatants. These results suggested that this subunit combined vaccine achieved protective effect against both H1N1 A/California/07/2009 strain and SARS‐CoV‐2 Omicron BA.5.2 variant. It is therefore expected that this study will establish the scientific foundation for the next‐step development of combined vaccines against other strains or variants of IAV and SARS‐CoV‐2.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A subunit‐based influenza/SARS‐CoV‐2 Omicron combined vaccine induced potent protective immunity in BALB/c mice

Zhang,

Ye,

et al. 2024

Journal of Medical Virology

Self Cite

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show abstract

“…5 Studies have shown that coinfection with SARS-CoV-2 during the acute stage of IAV infection further increases the risk of multiple tissue or organ disease in patients, leading to the occurrence of higher rates of severe illness and mortality. [6][7][8] Vaccination is one of the most effective measures to prevent respiratory infectious viruses.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Subunit-based Influenza/SARS-CoV-2 Omicron Combined Vaccine Induced Potent Protective Immunity in BALB/c Mice

ZHANG,

Ye,

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Infection with influenza A virus (IAV) and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) poses a significant risk to human life, health, and the global economy. Vaccination is one of the most effective strategies in the fight against infectious viruses. In this study, we, for the first time, have evaluated the immunogenicity and protective effect of an influenza/SARS-CoV-2 Omicron subunit combined vaccine adjuvanted with MF59 and administered to BALB/c mice. Results showed that the combined vaccine induced high levels of IgG, IgG , and IgG antibodies, as well as influenza A H1N1/California/2009 virus-specific hemagglutination-inhibiting antibodies in BALB/c mice. Moreover, this subunit combined vaccine induced high titers of neutralization antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.5 pseudovirus and effectively reduced the viral load of authentic SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.5.2 variant in the cell culture supernatants. These results suggested that this subunit combined vaccine achieved protective effect against both H1N1 A/California/07/2009 strain and SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.5.2 variant. It is therefore expected that this study will establish the scientific foundation for the next-step development of combined vaccines against other strains or variants of IAV and SARS-CoV-2.

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Disease of influenza virus and SARS‐CoV‐2 coinfection: Flurona or Flucovid?

Liu

Jiang

2022

Journal of Medical Virology

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To the Editor, Recently, the new term Flurona has emerged to describe coinfection of influenza virus and SARS-CoV-2, causing flu, and COVID-19, respectively. 1 This terminology, however, seems to suggest a recombinant virus with genes from both influenza virus and coronavirus, like Delmicron with gene fragments from SARS-CoV-2 variants Delta and Omicron. Indeed, Delmicron and Flurona were listed in parallel in the titles of some publications, and Flurona was hinted as "a new variant" in the header of some news reports.Instead, we propose the more precise term Flucovid which is indicated by a disease having syndromes of both flu and COVID-19, such as fever, cough, fatigue, headache, shortness of breath, and loss of taste or smell, but not those of cold, for example, sneezing, running or stuffy nose, and sore throat (Figure 1). In general, the patients with Flucovid are tested positive for both influenza virus and SARS-CoV-2.Results from a meta-analysis of 54 related publications indicated an overall proportion of coinfection with influenza viruses in SARS-CoV-2-positive patients of 0.7%. 2 An over 18-month period study with 17,011 adults with SARS-CoV-2 infection shows 1.3% of coinfection with influenza viruses. 3 However, the actual coinfection rate may be much higher in that some coinfected patients may have undetectable influenza virus at the time SARS-CoV-2 infection is diagnosed. This happens because the mean incubation and viral shedding times of influenza viruses (2 and 3 days, respectively) are much shorter than those of SARS-CoV-2 (6 and 17 days, respectively). 2 The proportion of coinfection with influenza virus and SARS-CoV-2 among children (3.2%) was remarkably higher than that in adult patients (0.3%), indicating that children are more susceptible to the coinfection. The proportion of coinfection with influenza viruses among critically ill COVID-19 patients (2.2%) was higher than that in overall patients (0.6%), suggesting that coinfection with influenza viruses may aggravate the severity of Indeed, animal studies have shown that simultaneous, or sequential, coinfection by influenza A virus (IAV) and SARS-CoV-2 resulted in more severe weight loss and lung inflammatory damage, as well as increased tissue cytokine/chemokine expression than infection by either IAV or SARS-CoV-2 alone. 4 These findings suggest that coinfection of AIV and SARS-CoV-2 may also result in more severe disease in human as described above.Treating Flucovid by combining such anti-influenza drugs as Tamiflu and such anti-COVID-19 drugs as Paxlovid is

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Double insult: flu bug enhances SARS-CoV-2 infectivity

Cited by 6 publications

References 8 publications

A subunit‐based influenza/SARS‐CoV‐2 Omicron combined vaccine induced potent protective immunity in BALB/c mice

A subunit‐based influenza/SARS‐CoV‐2 Omicron combined vaccine induced potent protective immunity in BALB/c mice

A Subunit-based Influenza/SARS-CoV-2 Omicron Combined Vaccine Induced Potent Protective Immunity in BALB/c Mice

Disease of influenza virus and SARS‐CoV‐2 coinfection: Flurona or Flucovid?

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