Double-Rootedness and Networking among Urban Migrants in Zimbabwe

Entrepreneurship and women’s economic empowerment in Zimbabwe: Research themes and future research perspectives

“…Similarly, in Zimbabwe, cross-border trading is a significant part of the informal sector and is central to women entrepreneurship (see Chamlee-Wright 2002;Mauchi et al 2014;Moyo & Kawewe 2002;Mutsagondo et al 2016;Muzvidziwa 2015;Osirim 2003). The topic has been extensively researched in Zimbabwe (Chiliya, Masocha & Zindiye 2012;Muzvidziwa 2005Muzvidziwa , 2010Peberdy 2000;Peberdy & Rogerson 2000). Cross-border activities provide women with opportunities to expand their microbusinesses to neighbouring countries, such as South Africa, Botswana, Mozambique, Tanzania and Zambia (Chitsike 2000;Mutsagondo et al 2016;Muzvidziwa 2015).…”

“…Soon after independence, cross-border trading emerged as a popular activity for women of all classes, ethnicity and ages (Moyo & Kawewe 2002). These activities increased significantly as the economic conditions continued to worsen in Zimbabwe (Mutsagondo et al 2016;Muzvidziwa 2010Muzvidziwa , 2015. The volume of cross-border trading mainly between South Africa and Zimbabwe increased sharply from 377 415 in 1992 to more than 1 000 000 in 1993 (Muzvidziwa 2010).…”

“…These activities increased significantly as the economic conditions continued to worsen in Zimbabwe (Mutsagondo et al 2016;Muzvidziwa 2010Muzvidziwa , 2015. The volume of cross-border trading mainly between South Africa and Zimbabwe increased sharply from 377 415 in 1992 to more than 1 000 000 in 1993 (Muzvidziwa 2010). According to Peberdy and Rogerson (2000), more than 66% of women are actively involved in cross-border trading.…”

“…Cases of stigmatisation are also associated with cross-border trading, whereby traders are referred to as 'prostitutes' or 'smugglers' (Chiliya et al 2012). These scenarios often surface when women engage in activities, which contradict societal norms by identifying and servicing a niche market beyond the reach of men (Muzvidziwa 2010(Muzvidziwa , 2015.…”

Informal Sector Business Tourism and Pro-poor Tourism: Africa’s Migrant Entrepreneurs

“…As demonstrated by a number of independent research investigations as well as a cluster of work linked to the Southern African Migration Project this form of informal business tourism is widespread between South Africa and other countries in southern Africa, most importantly Lesotho, Swaziland, Mozambique, Zimbabwe and Malawi (Muzvidziwa, 1998;Peberdy & Crush, 1998;Peberdy, 2000aPeberdy, , 2000bPeberdy & Crush, 2001;Peberdy & Rogerson, 2003;SBP, 2006;ComMark Trust, 2008;International Organization for Migration, 2010;Muzvidziwa, 2010;Chiliya, Masocha & Zindiye, 2012;Jamela, 2013). Johannesburg is host to a large circulating community of informal business travellers, mostly informal traders who cross South Africa's borders on a temporary basis to trade, shop and buy-and sell (Crush, 2005;Rogerson, 2011;Jamela, 2013).…”