Double waveguide couplers produced by simultaneous femtosecond writing

Pospiech, Matthias; Emons, Moritz; Steinmann, Andy; Palmer, Guido; Osellame, Roberto; Bellini, Nicola; Cerullo, Giulio; Morgner, Uwe

doi:10.1364/oe.17.003555

Cited by 46 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…We expect that with a higher power laser which could provide fluences similar to the optimal value at green wavelength, stronger guiding structures could be formed. This is supported by the recent demonstration by Pospiech et al of waveguides with 1.2 dB/cm loss in fused silica using a 1 MHz repetition rate femtosecond laser with more energetic pulses (500 nJ) at the 1030 nm fundamental wavelength [20]. However, the reported waveguides showed more irregular morphology compared to the structures demonstrated here with the green wavelength.…”

Section: Effect Of Green Wavelengthsupporting

confidence: 83%

High refractive index contrast in fused silica waveguides by tightly focused, high-repetition rate femtosecond laser

Eaton

Osellame

et al. 2011

Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids

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105

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Section: Effect Of Green Wavelengthsupporting

confidence: 83%

High refractive index contrast in fused silica waveguides by tightly focused, high-repetition rate femtosecond laser

Eaton

Osellame

et al. 2011

Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids

Self Cite

105

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“…Similar multibeam division concepts were applied for other types of devices. 63,64 and progress was realized in combining corrective approaches with high throughput parallel techniques. 65 Using the spectral selectivity of evanescent coupling, light demultiplexing functions can be equally obtained.…”

Section: Parallel Processing Of Waveguiding Structuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

3D adaptive spatio-temporal control of laser-induced refractive index changes in optical glasses

et al. 2011

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The nonlinear absorption character determines a high potential of ultrafast laser pulses for 3D processing of transparent materials, particularly for optical functions. This is based on refractive index engineering involving thermo-mechanical, and structural rearrangements of the dielectric matrix. Challenges are related to the time-effectiveness of irradiation, correct beam delivery, and the influence of material properties on the exposure results. Particularly for light-guiding applications it is suitable to master positive refractive index changes in a time-efficient manner, considering that the result depends on the deposited energy and its relaxation paths. To address these challenges several irradiation concepts based on adaptive optics in spatial and temporal domains were developed. We review here some of the applications from various perspectives. A physical aspect is related to temporal pulse shaping and time-synchronized energy delivery tuned to material transient reactions, enabling thus a synergetic interaction between light and matter and, therefore, optimal results. Examples will be given concerning refractive index flip in thermally expansive glasses by thermo-mechanical regulation and energy confinement by nonlinear control. A second engineering aspect is related to processing efficiency. We give insights into beam-delivery corrections and 3D parallel complex photoinscription techniques utilizing dynamic wavefront engineering. Additionally, in energetic regimes, ultrafast laser radiation can generate an intriguing nanoscale spontaneous arrangement, leading to form birefringence and modulated index patterns. Using the birefringence properties and the deriving anisotropic optical character, polarization sensitive devices were designed and fabricated. The polarization sensitivity allows particular light propagation and confinement properties in 3D structures.

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“…One of the critical problems in industrial application of fs laser processing is the processing efficiency. One method to improve the processing efficiency is a parallel laser processing with a spatial light modulator (SLM) [4][5][6][7][8][9][10] . In the parallel laser processing, multiple light spots are generated by modulating of the spatial phase distribution of a laser beam with an SLM and focusing the phase modulated laser beam.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the parallel laser processing, multiple light spots are generated by modulating of the spatial phase distribution of a laser beam with an SLM and focusing the phase modulated laser beam. The parallel laser processing with an SLM has been applied to writing of dots 4 , the fabrication of various waveguides [5][6][7][8] and three-dimensional structuring 9, 10 inside transparent materials.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Control of material properties by parallel laser irradiations at multiple laser spots using a spatial light modulator

et al. 2012

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Applications of the parallel fs laser processing system to spatial control of material properties are presented. In the parallel laser processing system, multiple light spots are generated by modulating the spatial phase distribution of a laser beam with a spatial light modulator. When the light spots are sufficiently separated from each other or the energies of the excitation laser pulses are weak, there is little interaction between photoexcited regions. In many cases, no interaction between each photoexcited regions is preferable, because thermal energies and stresses from each photoexcited regions could influence the processing accuracy. On the other hand, we found that the interaction of thermal energies and transient stresses in a parallel laser processing inside transparent materials can be used for controlling the spatial distributions of material properties. In this paper, we show two applications of the interactions between multiple photoexcited regions. One is the control of the shape of the heat modification and distributions of elements inside glasses. Another is the modification of dislocation bands inside rock-salt crystals by the interference of stress waves generated at multiple spots.

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Double waveguide couplers produced by simultaneous femtosecond writing

Cited by 46 publications

References 16 publications

High refractive index contrast in fused silica waveguides by tightly focused, high-repetition rate femtosecond laser

High refractive index contrast in fused silica waveguides by tightly focused, high-repetition rate femtosecond laser

3D adaptive spatio-temporal control of laser-induced refractive index changes in optical glasses

Control of material properties by parallel laser irradiations at multiple laser spots using a spatial light modulator

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