“…Nitroxide based SDSL DEER spectroscopy has been applied to study several membrane protein systems including KvAP voltage-sensing domain, pentameric ligand-gated channel, E. coli integral membrane sulfurtransferase (YgaP), bacteriorhodopsin, KCNE1, KCNE3, C99 amyloid precursor protein, human dihydroorotate dehydrogenase enzyme (HsDHODH), influenza A M2 protein, outer membrane cobalamin transporter BtuB in intact E. coli, cardiac Na + /Ca 2+ exchange (NCX1.1) protein, Na + /Proline transporter PutP Escherichia coli, tetrameric potassium ion channel KcsA, α-synuclein, membranefusion K/E peptides, ABC transporter MsbA, HCN channels, YetJ membrane protein, ectodomain of gp41, multimeric membrane transport proteins, and multidrug transporter LmrP [32,78,150,[161][162][163][167][168][169][170][171][172][173][174][175][176][177][178][179][180][181][182][183][184][185][186].…”