Downregulation of Anger by Mental Contrasting With Implementation Intentions (MCII)

Gallo, Inge Schweiger; Bieleke, Maik; Alonso, Miguel Ángel Verdugo; Gollwitzer, Peter M.; Oettingen, Gabriele

doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2018.01838

Cited by 15 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 66 publications

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“…Implementation intentions help deal with detrimental emotions, with little if any costs attached (Schweiger Gallo et al, 2018Gallo et al, , 2009Webb et al, 2012). We thus predicted that forming an if-then plan helps individuals overcome their performance-related worries, thereby reducing self-handicapping behaviour.…”

Section: Planning To Reduce Self-handicappingmentioning

confidence: 99%

How can we master the 2020 Coronavirus pandemic? The role of planning at social levels

Thürmer

Wieber

Gollwitzer

2021

European Review of Social Psychology

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Mastering global challenges such as the 2020 Coronavirus pandemic requires implementing effective responses at various social levels. Leadership teams (governmental, industrial) need to integrate available information to introduce effective regulation and update their decisions as new information becomes available. Groups (families, peers, teams) need to act persistently, even when these actions oppose members' individual short-term interests. Moreover, individuals need to stay calm and act diligently, while dealing with emotions of threat and resisting counterproductive social influence. Our research programme on implementation intentions at social levels suggests that collective if-then plans facilitate goal attainment for teams, groups, and individuals in social contexts. We therefore analyse how if-then planning can help master global human challenges such as the 2020 Coronavirus pandemic.

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Section: Planning To Reduce Self-handicappingmentioning

confidence: 99%

How can we master the 2020 Coronavirus pandemic? The role of planning at social levels

Thürmer

Wieber

Gollwitzer

2021

European Review of Social Psychology

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“…Children with ADHD symptoms who show self-regulation deficits can use this strategy to act more appropriately and in a targeted manner (Gawrilow & Gollwitzer, 2008), and improve their learning behavior (Gawrilow, Gollwitzer, & Oettingen, 2011;Guderjahn et al, 2013) In combination with mental contrasting, if-then plans are researched as Mental Contrasting with Implementation Intentions (MCII), also called by the acronym WOOP 1 (Oettingen, 2014). WOOP combines the steps of both strategies by having the individual reflect on their wishes, outcomes, and obstacles, and finally formulate an if-then plan (Schweiger Gallo, Bieleke, Alonso, Gollwitzer, & Oettingen, 2018). Using WOOP, participants show more self-discipline (Duckworth, Grant, Loew, Oettingen, & Gollwitzer, 2011) and children with ADHD symptoms have more self-regulating abilities (Gawrilow, Morgenroth, Schultz, Oettingen, & Gollwitzer, 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measuring and Compensating for Defcits of Self-Regulation in School Children via Ambulatory Assessment

Schwarz¹,

Gawrilow²

2019

Psych. Rus.

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Background. Children with deficits in self-regulation often perform worse in school and are less accepted by peers. However, self-regulation can be trained and developed by making detailed plans to achieve specific goals. One such strategy is WOOP (it includes thinking about wishes, outcomes, and obstacles, and creating a plan to achieve a goal), known in the literature as MCII, or ifthen plans.Objective. Noting the encouraging results of the WOOP method, we aimed to evaluate whether WOOP has the potential to ameliorate self-regulation deficits on a day-to-day-level .Design. In total, 49 school-aged children (M = 11.2 years, SD = 8.4 months) were randomly assigned to one of two groups: 1) Condition 1, which underwent a WOOP intervention; and 2) Condition 2, which performed the intervention without contrasting obstacles and planning. The self-regulation abilities were assessed each day over an 18-day survey period by both the children themselves and their parents. ADHD symptom-severity was assessed as a proxy for self-regulation; specifically, we used six items from the Conners 3 scale and the German adaptation of the Brief Self-Control Scale.Results. The children in both conditions demonstrated increased self-regulation, according to their self-reports at the beginning and end of the survey period. The parents reported different progressions of the two conditions over the survey period, but these did not differ significantly. In addition, both conditions are helpful to improve children's self-regulation in daily life.Conclusion. Further research on implementing practicable interventions in schoolchildren's daily life is highly recommended.

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“…Highly stressed individuals may use MCII to address their stress and smoking in tandem, as described earlier and supported by research finding that MCII helps individuals downregulate undesired emotions (Schweiger-Gallo et al, 2018). MCII also helps protect self-appraisals of competence considering setbacks (Kappes et al, 2012b), which could decrease reliance on smoking to manage stressful situations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 71%

Effectiveness of a Motivational Smoking Reduction Strategy Across Socioeconomic Status and Stress Levels

2022

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Smoking consequences are seen disproportionately among low-SES smokers. We examine the self-regulatory strategy of mental contrasting with implementation intentions (MCII) as a smoking reduction tool and whether its effectiveness depends on subjective-SES. This pre-registered online experiment comprised a pre-screening, baseline survey, and follow-up. Participants reported past-week smoking, subjective-SES, perceived stress, and were randomized to an active control (n = 161) or MCII condition (n = 164). Data were collected via MTurk, during the U.S.’ initial wave of COVID-19. Participants were moderate-to-heavy smokers open to reducing or quitting. The primary outcome was self-reported smoking reduction, computed as the difference between recent smoking at baseline and follow-up. The secondary outcome was cessation, operationalized as self-reported 7-day point-prevalence abstinence at follow-up. Among those low—but not high—in subjective-SES, MCII (vs. control) improved smoking reduction by an average of 1.09 fewer cigarettes smoked per day, though this effect was not conclusive (p = 0.11). Similarly, quitting was descriptively more likely for those in the MCII than control condition, but the effect was non-significant (p = 0.11). Per an exploratory analysis, we observed that stress significantly moderated the condition effect (p = 0.01), such that MCII (vs. control) facilitated reduction among those experiencing high (p = 0.03), but not low stress (p = 0.15). Consistent with prior findings that MCII works best in vulnerable populations, MCII may be more effective for smoking reduction among high-stress than low-stress individuals. These findings contribute to growing research on income-related health disparities and smoking behavior change tools.

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Downregulation of Anger by Mental Contrasting With Implementation Intentions (MCII)

Cited by 15 publications

References 66 publications

How can we master the 2020 Coronavirus pandemic? The role of planning at social levels

How can we master the 2020 Coronavirus pandemic? The role of planning at social levels

Measuring and Compensating for Defcits of Self-Regulation in School Children via Ambulatory Assessment

Effectiveness of a Motivational Smoking Reduction Strategy Across Socioeconomic Status and Stress Levels

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