Downscaling CESM2 in CLM5 to Hindcast Preindustrial Equilibrium Line Altitudes for Tropical Mountain Glaciers

Heavens, N. G.

doi:10.1029/2021gl094071

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…Whether or not the pacing of their advances and retreats harmonizes with those of continental glaciers, alpine glaciers are a sensitive archive of climate change. Their equilibrium line altitudes correlate strongly with regional to global temperature and local precipitation (Clark and Bartlein, 1995;Hastenrath, 2009;Heavens, 2021). The more difficult question to consider is whether they could drive regional to global climate change, either by a direct ice-albedo effect or by indirect effects of surface thermophysical properties (including albedo) on cloud dynamics.…”

Section: Implications Of Assessing Upland Glaciation In the Geologic ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Note that widespread glaciation of the CPM and its effects on regional climate could be self-limiting. Reduced precipitation could raise ELA (Mote and Kaser, 2007;Heavens, 2021). If precipitation is low, glaciers can ablate by direct sunlight well above the level where mean air temperatures are below freezing, because there is not enough snowfall to replenish lost meltwater formed during the day.…”

Section: Implications Of Assessing Upland Glaciation In the Geologic ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Detecting upland glaciation in Earth’s pre-Pleistocene record

et al. 2022

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Earth has sustained continental glaciation several times in its past. Because continental glaciers ground to low elevations, sedimentary records of ice contact can be preserved from regions that were below base level, or subject to subsidence. In such regions, glaciated pavements, ice-contact deposits such as glacial till with striated clasts, and glaciolacustrine or glaciomarine strata with dropstones reveal clear signs of former glaciation. But assessing upland (mountain) glaciation poses particular challenges because elevated regions typically erode, and thus have extraordinarily poor preservation potential. Here we propose approaches for detecting the former presence of glaciation in the absence or near-absence of ice-contact indicators; we apply this specifically to the problem of detecting upland glaciation, and consider the implications for Earth’s climate system. Where even piedmont regions are eroded, pro- and periglacial phenomena will constitute the primary record of upland glaciation. Striations on large (pebble and larger) clasts survive only a few km of fluvial transport, but microtextures developed on quartz sand survive longer distances of transport, and record high-stress fractures consistent with glaciation. Proglacial fluvial systems can be difficult to distinguish from non-glacial systems, but a preponderance of facies signaling abundant water and sediment, such as hyperconcentrated flood flows, non-cohesive fine-grained debris flows, and/or large-scale and coarse-grained cross-stratification are consistent with proglacial conditions, especially in combination with evidence for cold temperatures, such as rip-up clasts composed of noncohesive sediment, indicating frozen conditions, and/or evidence for a predominance of physical over chemical weathering. Other indicators of freezing (periglacial) conditions include frozen-ground phenomena such as fossil ice wedges and ice crystals. Voluminous loess deposits and eolian-marine silt/mudstone characterized by silt modes, a significant proportion of primary silicate minerals, and a provenance from non-silt precursors can indicate the operation of glacial grinding, even though such deposits may be far removed from the site(s) of glaciation. Ultimately, in the absence of unambiguous ice-contact indicators, inferences of glaciation must be grounded on an array of observations that together record abundant meltwater, temperatures capable of sustaining glaciation, and glacial weathering (e.g., glacial grinding). If such arguments are viable, they can bolster the accuracy of past climate models, and guide climate modelers in assessing the types of forcings that could enable glaciation at elevation, as well as the extent to which (extensive) upland glaciation might have influenced global climate.

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Section: Implications Of Assessing Upland Glaciation In the Geologic ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Implications Of Assessing Upland Glaciation In the Geologic ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Detecting upland glaciation in Earth’s pre-Pleistocene record

et al. 2022

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“…The High Resolution Model Intercomparison Project (HighResMIP, Haarsma et al., 2016) for the World Climate Research Program Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6) gathers the state‐of‐the‐art GCMs. The CMIP6 SSI data can provide the forcing data for land surface models or hydrological models and have been widely applied in studies related to potential evapotranspiration, solar energy projection, grain yield projection, and so on (Dutta et al., 2022; He et al., 2022; Heavens, 2021; Kim et al., 2023; Liu et al., 2020; Zheng et al., 2018). The 3D sub‐grid terrain solar radiative effects (3DSTSRE) are not considered in the CMIP6 HighResMIP models (Table 1).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Offline Correction of CMIP6 HighResMIP Simulated Surface Solar Irradiance With 3D Sub‐Grid Terrain Radiative Effects

Gu,

Huang,

et al. 2024

Geophysical Research Letters

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The surface solar irradiance (SSI) is crucial for the land‐atmosphere processes and remarkably affected by the topography over the rugged areas. However, the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6) HighResMIP models adopting the parallel‐plane radiative scheme without considering the sub‐grid terrain solar radiative effects (3DSTSRE) overestimate the SSI in the rugged areas and the overestimation increases with the sub‐grid terrain complexity. To reduce the biases of the SSI simulations, this study offline corrects the SSI simulations of CMIP6 HighResMIP models by a 3DSTSRE scheme. Results show that the SSI biases produced by the HighResMIP models in the rugged regions can be significantly reduced by adopting the 3DSTSRE offline correction, and the improvements increase with the sub‐grid terrain complexity, indicating that considering the 3DSTSRE in the climate models to improve the SSI simulations over rugged areas is necessary.

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The surface downward longwave radiation of the CMIP6 HighResMIP in East Asia offline corrected by the three-dimensional sub-grid terrain longwave radiative effect scheme

Gu,

Huang,

et al. 2024

Environ. Res. Commun.

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Terrain significantly regulates surface downward longwave radiation (SDLR). The CMIP6 HighResMIP models without the three-dimensional sub-grid terrain longwave radiative effects (3DSTLRE) produce large SDLR biases over complex terrains. This study applies the 3DSTLRE scheme to correct the SDLR simulated by these models in East Asia and assesses the correction's effectiveness. Results indicate that the CMIP6 HighResMIP models without the 3DSTLRE clearly underestimate the SDLR over the rugged terrains and the underestimation increases with the sub-grid terrain complexity. The offline correction of 3DSTLRE can evidently improve the SDLR simulations in different seasons, and the improvements increases with the sub-grid terrain complexity. The most significant improvements are observed over the Himalayas, the Tibetan Plateau, the Tianshan Mountains, and the Hengduan Mountains. The relative root mean square error of SDLR simulations over the areas with the most complex sub-grid terrains can be decreased by ~40% due to the offline correction of 3DSTLRE. Considering the 3DSTLRE may be an efficient way to improve the simulations of the SDLR and surface energy balance over the regions with complex sub-grid terrains.

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Downscaling CESM2 in CLM5 to Hindcast Preindustrial Equilibrium Line Altitudes for Tropical Mountain Glaciers

Cited by 3 publications

References 47 publications

Detecting upland glaciation in Earth’s pre-Pleistocene record

Detecting upland glaciation in Earth’s pre-Pleistocene record

Offline Correction of CMIP6 HighResMIP Simulated Surface Solar Irradiance With 3D Sub‐Grid Terrain Radiative Effects

The surface downward longwave radiation of the CMIP6 HighResMIP in East Asia offline corrected by the three-dimensional sub-grid terrain longwave radiative effect scheme

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