Dr. S. R. Meadow comments

Meadow, S. R.

doi:10.1136/adc.51.6.485

Cited by 5 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…One result of such work has been to reveal the variety of products with which the investigator may be confronted within even one general area of creative work. McPherson (1956), for example, points out that among the usual creative products produced by a scientist are the following: patents, patent disclosures, publications, unpublished research reports, unprinted oral presentations, improved processes, new instruments, new analytical methods, ideas, new products, and new compounds. To be sure, common to all of these is the production of new and worthwhile ideas.…”

Section: Productsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thinking and Creativity*

Taylor

1960

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

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Section: Productsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thinking and Creativity*

Taylor

1960

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

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“…Among these are Possehl's (Possehl and Raval 1989) work on the Indus civilization in the Saurashtran region and Cha1colithic period Rajasthan, the Harappa Archaeological Research Project (Meadow 1991; see papers by Clark and Meyer, this volume) and the FrenchPakistani excavations in Baluchistan (Jarrige et al 1995). Other important projects are the Vijayanagara Metropolitan Survey (Morrison 1995;Sinopoli and Morrison 2001) and the British-Sri Lankan excavations at Anuradhapura (Coningham 1999).…”

Section: Culture-history As South Asian Archaeological Paradigmmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recasting the Foundations: New Approaches to Regional Understandings of South Asian Archaeology and the Problem of Culture History

Johansen¹

2003

asi

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I have remarked elsewhere upon a tendency to devolve archaeology into a sort of dehydrated humanism, to mummify the past, to transform our predecessors into 'battle-axe folk' or 'beaker folk,' until by an instinctive and forgivable reaction, we begin almost to personify battle-axes or beakers with a sort of hungry latter-day ammlsm.-Sir R. E. Mortimer Wheeler (1954: 229) IN THE LAST DECADE MANY NEW AND EXCITING DEVELOPMENTS in theory and method have emerged in the research programs of South Asian archaeologists and their ongoing applications are changing both the practice and the nature of interpretation in South Asian archaeology. Until recently, the culture-history program, established in South Asian archaeology in the 1940s, has continued, without significant modification, to serve as the dominant interpretational framework. Yet, as we enter the twenty-first century, questions and approaches, both new and old, are being framed in terms that challenge the foundations of how we understand the South Asian past. Recent research engages new method and theory that has emerged largely from the discipline of anthropology, in order to transcend the confmes of the culture-history approach. Many newer approaches examine sociocultural organization within regional-scale contexts, rather than focusing on static 'archaeological cultures' or isolated site-specific analyses. This volume includes eight articles that present both fresh research and data as well as innovative reworkings of pre-existing data sets and conventionally accepted readings of regional histories and prehistories. While much new and innovative work attempting to move beyond the confines of diffusionary explanation and typological description has characterized the archaeology of South Asia in the last two decades (e.g., Misra 1974Misra , 1996Misra ,2001 Paddayya 1991 Paddayya , 1998Pappu 2001), the epistemic foundations of culture history ASIAN PERSPECTIVES . 42(2) . FALL 2003have made theoretical and methodological approaches to anthropologically oriented research questions difficult at best. Despite the discussion and critique of several scholars, namely Chakrabarti (1988), Malik (1968), and Paddayya (1990), the culture-history approach is still deeply embedded in the practice of archaeology in South Asia today.The culture-history program essentializes the South Asian past by constructing archaeological cultures coterminous with ethnolinguistic communities, races, or 'peoples' from material-culture trait lists, and in doing so undermines the pursuit of questions and problems that explore sociological processes involved in change through time. For example, some scholars have equated the distribution of a ceramic type such as Painted Gray Ware with Painted Gray Ware 'people' or 'folk' who are considered Aryan, Indo-European speakers with a distinctive phylogenetic set of attributes (cf. Gururaja Rao 1972;Leshnik 1974;Sankalia 1962). Change through time is usually explained as the outcome of diffusionary mechanisms such as migration, invasion, or m...

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“…Zeder (1991: 29) discussed the possibility of inherent contradictions between practicing extensive agriculture and maintaining large cattle herds in ancient Mesopotamia thus: "For all these reasons cattle are more likely to be kept in well-watered alluvial areas, creating greater potential for conflict between agricultural and herding interests and making them an easier target for central control". Given the ecology of the Greater Indus Valley a similar situation was noted by Fairservis (1986, 1992also Shaffer 1993;Shaffer and Lichtenstein 1989), namely, that often the best agricultural lands were also the best pasturage available for cattle given their limited hydo-range. In addition, there was the problem of keeping large cattle herds away from cultivated fields until harvest, and seasonally providing fodder to maintain them, a critical situation if adequate pasturage was unavailable.…”

Section: The Indo-gangetic Cultural Traditionmentioning

confidence: 78%

“…4500 B.C., domesticated cattle accounted for 60% of the animal remains, an exceptionally high frequency. Although the frequencies of cattle bones in the later chalcolithic and bronze age periods of Mehrgarh never equalled Period Π [varying between 35-40% (Meadow 1991;Jarrige and Meadow 1992: 167)], they remained much higher than in adjacent, Southwest Asian regions (Caloi et al 1977; Meadow 1986Meadow , 1987Zeder 1991); and, at contemporary and culturally related Indus Valley sites, cattle frequencies ranged as high 70+% (Possehl and Raval 1989: 172-176). Although similar species were domesticated elsewhere, the pattern in which human actors arranged them in South Asia was distinctive to the region.…”

Section: The Origins Of Food Production: Mehrgarhmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…Limited palaeoenvironmental studies in Rajasthan and elsewhere suggest an overall increase in aridity as another factor (Bhatia and Singh 1988;Bryson and Swain 1981;Singh 1971Singh , 1974; also Shaffer and Lichtenstein 1989). Fairservis (1986, 1992also Shaffer 1993) proposed that an inherent contradiction between the emphasis on cattle pastoralism and agriculture within an arid ecology might explain both the localisation effect and population movements. Certainly this complex situation has multiple explanations.…”

Section: The Second Millennium Bcmentioning

confidence: 98%

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