Draft Genome Sequences of Two Virulent Streptococcus equi subsp.
            <i>zooepidemicus</i>
            Swine Isolates from Pennsylvania

Nair, Meera Surendran; Byukusenge, Maurice; Nissly, Ruth H.; Cavener, Victoria S.; Yon, Michele; Barry, Rhiannon; Natesan, Pazhanivel; Thirumalapura, Nagaraja; Tewari, Deepanker; Jayarao, Bhushan M.; Kuchipudi, Suresh V.

doi:10.1128/mra.00974-20

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 11 publications

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“…Canada was the first to report a high mortality event in North American swine due to S. zooepidemicus in March 2019 ( 4 ). A half year later, three outbreak cases of S. zooepidemicus occurred in culled sows and feeder pigs in Ohio, Tennessee, and Pennsylvania, with mortalities of up to 50% ( 1 , 5 ). Whole-genome sequencing analysis revealed that the outbreak isolates from Ohio and Tennessee clustered together with the prototype strain ATCC 35246, which caused high mortality outbreaks in China in the 1970s ( 6 ).…”

Section: Observationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genomic characterization of Streptococcus equi subspecies zooepidemicus from a 2021 outbreak in Indiana with increased sow mortality

Chen,

Mou,

et al. 2023

mSphere

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Streptococcus equi subspecies zooepidemicus ( S. zooepidemicus ) was reported to cause epizootic outbreaks in swine, resulting in significant economic losses in Asia in the 1970s and in North America in 2019. In February 2021, another outbreak due to S. zooepidemicus occurred in 2-year-old adult sows in a production system in Indiana. Whole-genome sequencing analysis of three outbreak isolates from Indiana revealed that all were genetically distant from the isolates of a strain that caused high mortality events in Ohio and Tennessee in 2019, as well as from the ATCC 35246 strain that caused outbreaks in China in the 1970s. The Indiana outbreak isolates were also distantly related to outbreak-unrelated swine isolate AZ-45470 from Arizona but closely related to an S. zooepidemicus equine isolate from Iowa. Comparative genomic analysis revealed that one genomic island, GI-13, was unique to the genome of a representative Indiana outbreak isolate, IN-6992. The genomic islands GI-1, GI-3, and GI-10 were also present in IN-6992 but absent from the Ohio and Tennessee outbreak isolates. In addition, the ATCC 35246-type szM gene and the Fic domain-containing protein gene ( bifA ) were absent from IN-6992, while present in all isolates from the Ohio and Tennessee outbreaks. Our findings have significant implications for understanding, monitoring, and developing control measures against diseases caused by S. zooepidemicus . IMPORTANCE This study highlights a Streptococcus equi subspecies zooepidemicus ( S. zooepidemicus ) strain isolated from an outbreak in Indiana, which resulted in mortality events among a swine herd in 2021. The Indiana outbreak strain was found to be genetically and phylogenetically distant to a strain isolated from the 2019 outbreaks in Ohio and Tennessee, which caused high swine mortality. We also discovered multiple unique genetic features in the Indiana outbreak strain, including distinct S. zooepidemicus genomic islands, and notable S. zooepidemicus virulence genes—many of which could serve as biomarkers for the diagnosis of this strain. These findings provide significant insights into monitoring and potentially preventing severe outbreaks caused by the Indiana outbreak strain in the future.

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Section: Observationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genomic characterization of Streptococcus equi subspecies zooepidemicus from a 2021 outbreak in Indiana with increased sow mortality

Chen,

Mou,

et al. 2023

mSphere

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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Streptococcus equi subspecies zooepidemicus – a case report of sudden death in a German sow farm

Geiping,

Detlefsen,

Trittmacher

et al. 2023

Porc Health Manag

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A farm in North-West Germany experienced a high morbidity and mortality in their sow herd. Sows showed fever, lethargy, oedema, mucosal discharge and dyspnoea. Necropsy revealed a severe fibrinous and purulent polyserositis. Haematological and histological examinations confirmed septicaemia. Streptococcus equi subspecies zooepidemicus was isolated in high yields from major organs. Sequence typing of this isolate (21/455) revealed a new sequence type showing a significantly higher proliferation rate in comparison to two other isolates. Other infectious agents (influenza A virus, Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus, Porcine Circovirus 2, african swine fever virus, classical swine fever virus, Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae) were excluded by routine diagnostic examinations. A climate check revealed an insufficient air supply in the area for the gestating sows. This case describes the first disease outbreak in swine due to S. zooepidemicus in Germany.

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Immunoprotective Potential of Adenylosuccinate Synthetase Protein (PurA) in Streptococcus equi ssp. zooepidemicus Infections

Zhang,

Chen,

Gao

et al. 2024

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Background:: Streptococcus equi ssp. zooepidemicus (SEZ) is one important pathogen. There are still sporadic outbreaks in China, northern United States and the Netherlands. Adenylosuccinate synthetase PurA, a newly discovered protein in prior research, requires further assessment of its protective effectiveness. Methods:: In this study, we focused on the expression of recombinant PurA from SEZ ATCC 35246. We evaluated the immunoreactivity of this recombinant protein using convalescent minipig sera. Additionally, we conducted experiments in mice to assess its immunogenic properties. Results:: Our findings revealed that the recombinant PurA triggered a substantial antibody response in mice, resulting in an 80% protection rate against SEZ infection. Notably, mice immunized with PurA exhibited significantly reduced bacterial colonization in all organs compared to the PBS control group. Furthermore, the levels of IL-6, IL-8, IL-1β, and TNF-α in mouse serum were significantly elevated in the PurA-immunized group compared to the control group. Hyperimmune sera targeting PurA effectively eliminated SEZ in bactericidal tests. Remarkably, antibodies against PurA demonstrated a significant inhibitory effect on developing SEZ biofilm. Conclusion:: Immunization with PurA elicited robust humoral and cellular immune responses in mice. These promising results suggest the potential utility of PurA in developing SEZ vaccine immunogens, providing a valuable avenue for further research into SEZ infection prevention and control.

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Draft Genome Sequences of Two Virulent Streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus Swine Isolates from Pennsylvania

Cited by 3 publications

References 11 publications

Genomic characterization of Streptococcus equi subspecies zooepidemicus from a 2021 outbreak in Indiana with increased sow mortality

Genomic characterization of Streptococcus equi subspecies zooepidemicus from a 2021 outbreak in Indiana with increased sow mortality

Streptococcus equi subspecies zooepidemicus – a case report of sudden death in a German sow farm

Immunoprotective Potential of Adenylosuccinate Synthetase Protein (PurA) in Streptococcus equi ssp. zooepidemicus Infections

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