Drag Reduction Using Additives in Smooth Circular Pipes Based on Experimental Approach

Abstract

Reduction of fluid resistance using the rheological characteristics of a polymer-surfactant solvent is research that contains many aspects, such as the theory of the drag reduction process, historical journey, and ongoing current research development. Many studies have been conducted, but it is challenging to know all existing and new research threads. The present investigation was conducted using literature studies regarding drag reducing agents. This research will also discuss the characteristics of flowing fluids and their effects on the velocity profile with friction factor of flowing fluids in smooth circular straight pipe geometries based on experimental, theoretical approaches. It concludes with aspects of research conducted around reducing drag using drag reducing agents, ideas about innovations, structuring overlook in testing, and modification of the fluid flow state.

Drag Reduction by Polymer Additives: State-of-the-Art Advancements in Experimental and Numerical Approaches

“…78 Here, we will focus more on the latest case as it was the case studied by Virk 76 and has been well-studied in the literature. 10,76,78,79 For a pipe with diameter (D) and length (L), if the applied pressure difference across its length is Δp, the wall shear stress (τ w ) is calculated from the force balance as 106…”

“…The DR performance of commonly used flexible polymers, such as HPAM, was found to be significantly impacted by the presence of salts. This has been linked to the interactions between the positive ions dissolved in water and the negatively charged HPAM, which impacts the polymer’s conformation, and changes the rheological behavior. − Under unsalted environments, the DR properties of HPAM tend to be proportional to its MW due to the more pronounced stretching of the very long polymer chains. Under different mixing conditions, the HPAM structure tends to exist in two distinctive phases: a liquid phase and an entangled network of molecular chains that exist in the backbone of the polymer. , The first phase is responsible for the entrapment of solvents as well as the interaction with other ions and agents, while the later phase contributes to consolidating the polymer matrix into a compact mass. , Generally, the volume of each phase is significantly impacted by the dissolution conditions, such as temperature, pH, and the coexistence of other metallic ions.…”

“…The estimation of the friction factor itself depends on the geometry of the device or the setup, and most studies have considered three geometries: wall ducts, rough circular straight pipes, and smooth circular straight pipes . Here, we will focus more on the latest case as it was the case studied by Virk and has been well-studied in the literature. ,,, …”

“…The estimation of the friction factor itself depends on the geometry of the device or the setup, and most studies have considered three geometries: wall ducts, rough circular straight pipes, and smooth circular straight pipes. 78 Here, we will focus more on the latest case as it was the case studied by Virk 76 and has been well-studied in the literature. 10,76,78,79 For a pipe with diameter (D) and length (L), if the applied pressure difference across its length is Δp, the wall shear stress (τ w ) is calculated from the force balance as 106…”

Experimental Study of Friction Factor Reduction by Adding Aloe Vera Gel in Pipes Transporting Dams Sediments

“…The authors demonstrated that the using of ultrasound improve the heat transfer performance of fluid and reduce friction loss in pipe. For the same objective, Utomo and Riadi [8] claimed the friction reducing agents are of three types: polymers, suspended particles and surfactants. In addition to that, Abdulbari et al [9] used the Aloe Vera as an effective additive for reduce friction of turbulent flow in pipes.…”