Dragon Dust: Atmospheric Science and Cooperation on Desertification in the Asia and Pacific Region

Abstract

Are scientific or nonscientific factors most influential in initiating international cooperation on newly emerging transboundary environmental problems in the Asia and Pacific region? In a case study of long-range atmospheric transport of dust, which is linked to desertification in China and Mongolia, the relative influence of scientific versus nonscientific factors in promoting cooperation in the region is analyzed. The study examines two dimensions of the problem—Northeast Asia and North America—and demonstrates that similar to the distance-dependence of the problem (i.e., dust concentrations decrease the greater the distance from the sources), cooperation follows a parallel relationship (i.e., motivation to cooperate decreases the greater the distance from the sources). Scientific cooperation in Northeast Asia is being institutionalized, but North America has not joined this effort. A synergy between factors must be invoked to explain this situation. In both cases, obvious and often dramatic negative impacts of massive dust storms are an enabling factor allowing more subtle science-related factors to come to the fore.

Evaluating Regional Environmental Governance in Northeast Asia

“…72 However, these efforts have yet to address "the root problem of desertification," while focusing on scientific cooperation on research, monitoring, and data gathering. 73 Consequently, although the growth of regional and subregional frameworks and programs for environmental cooperation has certainly contributed to a better understanding of transboundary environmental problems in Northeast Asia, they have produced few tangible effects in terms of improving environmental quality in the Northeast Asian region. Without effective regulatory governance systems, efforts to improve the quality of the environment have been left to the willingness and capability of national governments.…”