Dramaturgi Bakaua dalam Masyarakat Minangkabau: Studi atas Ritual Tolak Bala Dengan Perspektif Victor Turner

Abstract

This article discusses the Bakaua ritual in the Minangkabau community, which is held in several places in the Sijunjung area. The Bakaua ritual is a ritual of expressing gratitude, as well as a ritual of rejecting reinforcements. Using a qualitative approach, the aim of this research is to find the structure as well as the anti-structure of the Bakaua ritual, in order to find out its symbolic meaning. The ritual structure is understood as a dramaturgy, by viewing ritual as a form of social drama. Research data were collected from various written sources for further analysis using an interpretive approach, based on the ritual concepts of Victor Turner. The results showed that the Bakaua ritual as a ritual of rejecting reinforcements had a meaning as a symbol of mutual cooperation and harmony. A symbol, which reflects the belief of the supporting communitas in a shared identity that is still preserved, as a community, existentially, normatively, and ideologically.Keywords: Bakaua; ritual; tolak bala; Minangkabau; dramaturgyAbstrakArtikel ini membahas tentang ritual Bakaua dalam Masyarakat Minangkabau, yang tergelar di beberapa tempat di kawasan Sijunjung. Ritual Bakaua merupakan suatu ritual ungkapan rasa syukur, sekaligus ritual tolak bala. Menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif, tujuan penelitian adalah untuk menemukan struktur sekaligus anti struktur dari ritual Bakaua tersebut, untuk seterusnya menemukan makna simboliknya. Struktur ritual dipahami sebagai suatu dramaturgi, dengan memandang ritual adalah suatu bentuk drama sosial. Data penelitian dikumpulkan dari berbagai sumber tertulis untuk selanjutnya dianalisis dengan pendekatan interpretatif, berdasarkan pada konsep-konsep ritual dari Victor Turner. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ritual Bakaua sebagai suatu ritual tolak bala memiliki makna sebagai suatu simbol gotong royong dan kerukunan. Suatu simbol, yang mencerminkan keyakinan masyarakat pendukungnya pada identitas bersama yang masih terpelihara, sebagai suatu communitas, baik secara eksistensial, normatif, maupun ideologis.Kata Kunci: Bakaua; ritual; tolak bala; Minangkabau; dramaturgi

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