DRASTIC, GOD, and SI approaches for assessing groundwater vulnerability to pollution: a review

Fannakh, Abdelouahed; Farsang, Andrea

doi:10.1186/s12302-022-00646-8

Cited by 42 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 65 publications

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“…For the GOD method, the O and D parameters have a major contribution to the vulnerability classes determination. Several studies agree that despite the possible differences found in the vulnerability results with the DRASTIC and GOD approaches, both methods have proven to be valid for acknowledging the general situation of groundwater quickly at low cost, easy data processing, and interpretation for decision-makers [7,22,40].…”

Section: Vulnerability Assessment: Drastic and God Methodsmentioning

confidence: 96%

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Risk Assessment of Groundwater Contamination in the Gala, Tenguel, and Siete River Basins, Ponce Enriquez Mining Area—Ecuador

et al. 2022

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Groundwater is a strategic resource, which is experiencing a growing threat of contamination worldwide. This study aimed to assess the vulnerability of the groundwaters in the basins of the rivers Gala, Tenguel, and Siete in the Ponce Enriquez mining area, considering as a hypothesis that anthropogenic activities (mainly mining and agricultural) conducted in the area generate a high risk of contamination. Vulnerability to contamination was quantified using the DRASTIC and GOD methods. In addition, the risk of contamination (Rc) was calculated considering the vulnerability index (IV) and the danger index (IP). Geographic information system (GIS) environment was used for the spatial analysis and the generation of vulnerability maps. The DRASTIC method showed that the negligible-to-low vulnerability category was predominant (50.7% of the area), followed by moderate vulnerability (25.6%), and high-to-extreme vulnerability (23.7%). Regarding the GOD method, the low and medium vulnerability categories were predominant in 41.4% and 27.5% of the area, respectively. Both methods agree that the center area, where the mining activities are located, has a vulnerability ranging from negligible to moderate. The IP was low in the eastern zone (58.7 km2) and ranged from moderate (426.2 km2) to high in the central and western zones (371.1 km2), where mining activities predominate. The RC revealed that 20% of the study area corresponded to a high contamination index; from which, 87% comes from agricultural activities, 9% from mining activities, and 4% due to shrimp farms and urban areas. This is the first study that evaluates the vulnerability to the contamination of groundwater in a mining area of Ecuador. The results of this research can serve as a baseline for future research, since the methodology used provides information on the priority areas for the protection of aquifers, considering the current land use in the study area.

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Section: Vulnerability Assessment: Drastic and God Methodsmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…This method considers five vulnerability classes: negligible (I V < 0.1), low (0.1 < I V < 0.3), medium (0.3 < I V < 0.5), high (0.5 < I V < 0.7), and extreme (0.7 < I V < 1). This method is primarily used in data-limited regions that require a succinct evaluation of the groundwater status [14,40].…”

Section: God Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk Assessment of Groundwater Contamination in the Gala, Tenguel, and Siete River Basins, Ponce Enriquez Mining Area—Ecuador

et al. 2022

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“…Therefore, the index-based methods are suitable for regions with data scarcity, especially arid regions. These models have frequently used for assessing groundwater vulnerability including DRASTIC , GOD (Huang et al 2013, Fannakh & Farsang, 2022, PI (Goldscheider et al, 2000), SINTACS (Al Kuisi et al 2006, Kumar et al 2013, etc. Moreover, overlay index-based approaches encompass rather subjective criteria for rating and weight assignment in context of vulnerability mapping.…”

Section: Previous Work Have Applied Different Techniques To Evaluate ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

An integrated modeling framework for groundwater contamination risk assessment in arid, data-scarce environments

Rafiei-Sardooi

Ghazanfarpour

Azareh

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Groundwater contamination risk mapping is one essential measure in groundwater management and quality control. The purpose of the present study is to address this mapping by means of a novel framework, which is more suitable for arid regions than other methods developed in previous work. Specifically, we integrate machine learning tools, interpolation and process-based models with a modified version of DRASTIC-AHP to evaluate groundwater vulnerability to nitrate contamination and to map this contamination in Jiroft plain, Iran. The DRASTIC model provides a tool for evaluating aquifer vulnerability by using seven parameters related to the hydrogeological setting (Depth to water, net Recharge, Aquifer media, Soil media, Topography, Impact of vadose zone, and hydraulic Conductivity), while the criteria ratings and weights of these parameters are evaluated by means of an Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). However, to obtain the risk map, the results about groundwater vulnerability are combined here with a contamination hazard map, which we estimate by applying ensemble modeling based, in part, on the occurrence probability predicted from Generalized Linear Model (GLM), Flexible Discriminant Analysis (FDA), and Support Vector Machine (SVM). Our integrated modeling framework provides an assessment of both regional patterns of groundwater contamination and an estimate of the impacts of the contamination based on socio-environmental variables, and is particularly suitable for applications based on limited amount of available data. The groundwater contamination risk map obtained from our case study shows that the central and southern regions of the Jiroft plain display high and very high contamination risk, which is associated with high production rate of urban waste in residential lands and an overuse of nitrogen fertilizers in agricultural lands. Therefore, our work is providing new modeling insights for the future assessment of groundwater contamination, with potential impacts for the management and control of water resources in arid and semi-arid environments.

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“…Nevertheless, to produce a reasonably accurate result, the DRASTIC approach must be adapted to meet the specific hydrogeological demands of the region in which it is used [ 24 ]. To examine and evaluate the vulnerability of groundwater in the Ghiss Nekkor alluvial aquifer to pollution risk, many methodologies have been developed [ 23 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 ]. However, there is no standard methodology for evaluating and validating an aquifer approach.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pollution Vulnerability of the Ghiss Nekkor Alluvial Aquifer in Al-Hoceima (Morocco), Using GIS-Based DRASTIC Model

Yousfi

Himi

Aqnouy

et al. 2023

IJERPH

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Groundwater resources of the alluvial aquifer Ghiss Nekkor, which covers an area of 100 km2, are the main source of domestic and agricultural freshwater supply in the region of Al Hoceima in Morocco. Due to human activities (overexploitation, increase in agricultural activity), this alluvial aquifer has become very sensitive to chemical pollution. The principal objective of this current study is to develop and implement a calibration method to assess, map, and estimate the vulnerability of the Ghiss Nekkor alluvial aquifer to pollution risk. In this work, the GIS-based DRASTIC model was used to estimate the inherent vulnerability to contamination of the Ghiss Nekkor alluvial aquifer with seven standard hydrogeological parameters. Nitrate (NO3) and electrical conductivity (EC) data were used to validate the DRASTIC map. The results of the vulnerability map analysis show that the vulnerability to contaminants varies from non-existent in the southwestern part of the plain (7.3% of the total area), to very high (14.5%). The vulnerability is moderate in the central and northeastern areas (26.9%), while it is high in the other areas (17.5%). Furthermore, the most sensitive areas are mainly concentrated near the coastal strip and the central plain on both sides of the Nekkor River. In these areas, the NO3 and EC values are above the maximum allowable limit of the World Health Organization. The results suggest that the DRASTIC model can be an effective tool for decision-makers concerned about managing groundwater sustainability.

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DRASTIC, GOD, and SI approaches for assessing groundwater vulnerability to pollution: a review

Cited by 42 publications

References 65 publications

Risk Assessment of Groundwater Contamination in the Gala, Tenguel, and Siete River Basins, Ponce Enriquez Mining Area—Ecuador

Risk Assessment of Groundwater Contamination in the Gala, Tenguel, and Siete River Basins, Ponce Enriquez Mining Area—Ecuador

An integrated modeling framework for groundwater contamination risk assessment in arid, data-scarce environments

Pollution Vulnerability of the Ghiss Nekkor Alluvial Aquifer in Al-Hoceima (Morocco), Using GIS-Based DRASTIC Model

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