Draw your assay: Fabrication of low-cost paper-based diagnostic and multi-well test zones by drawing on a paper

Oyola‐Reynoso, Stephanie; Heim, Andrew P.; Halbertsma-Black, Julian; Zhao, Changzhi; Tevis, Ian D.; Çınar, Simge; Cademartiri, Rebecca; Liu, Xinyu; Bloch, Jean‐Francis; Thuo, Martin M.

doi:10.1016/j.talanta.2015.06.018

Cited by 53 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…We chose this widely used wax printing technique to generate the reaction zone, which has been proven simple and reliable for device fabrication . There are also other fabrication approaches that can be used for fabricating the origami μPAD . The device has the common advantages of μPADs such as low device cost, low consumption of sample/reagents, and pump‐free liquid transportation; more importantly, it also possesses more pivotal edges as we have proven in this research, including superior biosensing performance, facile integration of the biosensing nanomaterial, simplified and more rapid device operations, and excellent storage stability.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Microfluidic Paper‐Based Origami Nanobiosensor for Label‐Free, Ultrasensitive Immunoassays

Liu

2016

Adv Healthcare Materials

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Microfluidic paper-based analytical devices (μPADs) represent a promising platform technology for point-of-care diagnosis. Highly sensitive, rapid, and easy-to-perform immunoassays implemented on μPADs are desirable to fulfill the promise of the μPAD technology. This article reports the first microfluidic paper-based origami nanobiosensor (origami μPAD), which integrates zinc oxide nanowires (ZnO NWs) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) biosensing mechanism, for label-free, ultrasensitive immunoassays. The EIS mechanism features simple and label-free assay operations which take less than 25 min to be finished, while the ZnO NWs allow covalent bonding for immobilizing probe proteins and improve the biosensing performance with such features as high surface-area-to-volume ratios and high sensitivity to surface binding. The calibration of the device reveals an ultralow limit of detection (LOD) of 60 fg mL(-1) (>100 times lower than those of existing μPADs) for rabbit immunoglobulin G in phosphate-buffered saline. The detection of human immunodeficiency virus p24 antigen in human serum with a low LOD of 300 fg mL(-1) (>33 times lower than that of a commercial p24 antigen test kit) is also demonstrated. This novel μPAD design offers ultrahigh sensitivity, short assay time, and ease of operation, and thus possesses significant potential for low-cost, rapid molecular diagnosis of early-stage diseases.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Microfluidic Paper‐Based Origami Nanobiosensor for Label‐Free, Ultrasensitive Immunoassays

Liu

2016

Adv Healthcare Materials

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“…When such pressure is targeted/localized, and with the appropriate lubrication to mitigate fiber damage, a channel can be created (Figure 2(a)). We 28,29 and others 5,[30][31][32][33][34][35][36] have shown that paper can be rendered hydrophobic by treatment with alkyl trichlorosilanes (Figures 1(b) and 1(c); see details in the supplementary material Figure S1). 29 We, therefore, hypothesized that co-deposition of an appropriately functionalized silane during the asymmetric calendaring could lead to a channel with desired wetting properties.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Paper-based microfluidic devices by asymmetric calendaring

et al. 2017

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We report a simple, efficient, one-step, affordable method to produce open-channel paper-based microfluidic channels. One surface of a sheet of paper is selectively calendared, with concomitant hydrophobization, to create the microfluidic channel. Our method involves asymmetric mechanical modification of a paper surface using a rolling ball (ball-point pen) under a controlled amount of applied stress (r z ) to ascertain that only one side is modified. A lubricating solvent (hexane) aids in the selective deformation. The lubricant also serves as a carrier for a perfluoroalkyl trichlorosilane allowing the channel to be made hydrophobic as it is formed. For brevity and clarity, we abbreviated this method as TACH (Targeted Asymmetric Calendaring and Hydrophobization). We demonstrate that TACH can be used to reliably produce channels of variable widths (size of the ball) and depths (number of passes), without affecting the nonworking surface of the paper. Using tomography, we demonstrate that these channels can vary from 10s to 100s of microns in diameter. The created hydrophobic barrier extends around the channel through wicking to ensure no leakages. We demonstrate, through modeling and fabrication, that flow properties of the resulting channels are analogous to conventional devices and are tunable based on associated dimensionless numbers. Published by AIP Publishing. [http://dx

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“…[9,24] Because its industrial manufacturing process has long been optimized, it is one of the least expensive bulk manmade materials. These approaches hence provide some useful platforms for developing new POC diagnosis particularly using in resource-limited environments.…”

Section: Papermentioning

confidence: 99%

Materials for Microfluidic Immunoassays: A Review

Mou

Jiang

2017

Adv Healthcare Materials

120

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Conventional immunoassays suffer from at least one of these following limitations: long processing time, high costs, poor user‐friendliness, technical complexity, poor sensitivity and specificity. Microfluidics, a technology characterized by the engineered manipulation of fluids in channels with characteristic lengthscale of tens of micrometers, has shown considerable promise for improving immunoassays that could overcome these limitations in medical diagnostics and biology research. The combination of microfluidics and immunoassay can detect biomarkers with faster assay time, reduced volumes of reagents, lower power requirements, and higher levels of integration and automation compared to traditional approaches. This review focuses on the materials‐related aspects of the recent advances in microfluidics‐based immunoassays for point‐of‐care (POC) diagnostics of biomarkers. We compare the materials for microfluidic chips fabrication in five aspects: fabrication, integration, function, modification and cost, and describe their advantages and drawbacks. In addition, we review materials for modifying antibodies to improve the performance of the reaction of immunoassay. We also review the state of the art in microfluidic immunoassays POC platforms, from the laboratory to routine clinical practice, and also commercial products in the market. Finally, we discuss the current challenges and future developments in microfluidic immunoassays.

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Draw your assay: Fabrication of low-cost paper-based diagnostic and multi-well test zones by drawing on a paper

Cited by 53 publications

References 23 publications

A Microfluidic Paper‐Based Origami Nanobiosensor for Label‐Free, Ultrasensitive Immunoassays

A Microfluidic Paper‐Based Origami Nanobiosensor for Label‐Free, Ultrasensitive Immunoassays

Paper-based microfluidic devices by asymmetric calendaring

Materials for Microfluidic Immunoassays: A Review

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