Dried Blood Spot Biomarkers of Oxidative Stress and Inflammation Associated with Blood Pressure in Rural Senegalese Women with Incident Hypertension

Abstract

Blood biomarkers of oxidative stress and inflammation have been associated with increased risk of hypertension development; yet their application in sub-Saharan Africa has been limited due to the lack of blood collection facilities. In this study, we evaluated the usefulness of dried blood spots (DBS), a more feasible alternative to venous blood, in rural sub-Saharan residents. We recruited 342 women with incident hypertension from rural Senegal, and measured C-reactive protein (CRP) and malondialdehyde (MDA) in DBS and concurrent blood pressure (BP) at baseline and 1-year follow-up. Associations of DBS biomarkers with current levels of and 1-year changes in BP were examined after adjusting for demographic, medical, and socioeconomic covariates. DBS concentrations of MDA were significantly associated with concurrent systolic BP (SBP) (p < 0.05), while DBS baseline concentrations of CRP were associated with longitudinal changes in SBP between baseline and follow-up. Compared to participants with baseline CRP < 1 mg/L, those with CRP of 1–3 mg/L and 3–10 mg/L had 2.11 mmHg (95%CI: −2.79 to 7.02 mmHg) and 4.68 mmHg (95%CI: 0.01 to 9.36 mmHg) increases in SBP at follow-up, respectively. The results support the use of DBS biomarkers for hypertension prevention and control, especially in settings with limited clinical resources.

Strikes and Gutters: Biomarkers and anthropometric measures for predicting diagnosed diabetes mellitus in adults in low- and middle-income countries

“…The findings highlight the superiority of FPG or FBG as the most potent predictor of diabetes, surpassing the predictive capability of BMI. Of relevance to this revelation are reports [ 113 , [127] , [128] , [129] , [130] , [131] ] who revealed better diabetes prediction outcomes with FPG than other metrics. Furthermore, research shows that higher blood glucose drives diabetes risk than other metrics across all ages, sex and ethnicities [ 132 , 133 ].…”

Analysis of C-reactive protein from finger stick dried blood spot to predict high risk of cardiovascular disease

“…in 1991 in patients with cystic fibrosis 14 . Since then, several studies 15,16 have concluded that CRP is accurately detectable from DBS and other groups [17][18][19][20] have implemented this in diverse research fields on small scale. However, to date, there is no evidence that CRP from DBS can be used in everyday diagnostic practice.…”

Biomarkers of Oxidative Stress in Acute and Chronic Diseases

“…Our Special Issue presents innovative research [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 ] and review [ 13 , 14 , 15 ] papers addressing many of these questions related to the fundamental OS involvement in the onset and progression of several acute and chronic diseases, and about the correlated biomarkers and potential therapies. Precisely, the 12 research articles [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 ] included in this Special Issue are focused on evidencing the OS role in diagnostics, signatures of the disease course, molecules involved, OS potential treatments and effects, and short- and long-term consequences.…”

“…Our Special Issue presents innovative research [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 ] and review [ 13 , 14 , 15 ] papers addressing many of these questions related to the fundamental OS involvement in the onset and progression of several acute and chronic diseases, and about the correlated biomarkers and potential therapies. Precisely, the 12 research articles [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 ] included in this Special Issue are focused on evidencing the OS role in diagnostics, signatures of the disease course, molecules involved, OS potential treatments and effects, and short- and long-term consequences. Precisely, Chen et al [ 1 ], by performing a nano-electrospray ionization–mass spectrometry (nanoESI-MS)-based lipidomic profiling study on lipid accumulation and oxidation in kidney cells in the chronic kidney disease (CKD) model, confirmed the key role of OS and lipid dysregulation in renal lipid droplet (LD) alteration at the molecular level.…”

“…Moreover, in a recent longitudinal study in rural Senegal, Zhang, and coworkers [ 7 ], examined the relationship between blood pressure measures and c reactive protein (CRP) and MDA levels determined in dried blood spots (DBS), including whether baseline levels of CRP or MDA were associated with changes in BP observed over a 1-year period. They showed that among women with incident hypertension living in rural Senegal, DBS CRP, a biomarker of chronic inflammation, was significantly associated with systolic BP (SBP) change over a 1-year period; while DBS MDA, a biomarker of acute oxidative stress, was significantly associated with concurrent SBP levels.…”