Dried Blood Spots: Analysis and Applications

Demirev, Plamen A.

doi:10.1021/ac303205m

Cited by 241 publications

(186 citation statements)

References 129 publications

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“…Although from that time onwards, DBS were regarded as a commonly applicable method for collecting, storing, transporting, and analyzing a variety of human body fluids 5 , their use in diagnostics still remained predominantly focused on the diagnosis of infections especially in resourcelimited settings and the systematic screening of newborns for inherited metabolic disorders for decades 9,10 . Since 2005, however, a variety of new and innovative DBS applications have begun to emerge.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This resulted in an almost exponential increase in the number of respective scientific publications on DBS from about 50 to almost 450 annually at present. Among the emerging applications are such diverse fields as toxico-and pharmacokinetic studies, metabolic profiling, therapeutic drug monitoring, forensic toxicology, or environmental contamination control 10,11 . DBS testing has, thus, made a triumphal march through clinical laboratory diagnostics during the past 100 years 2 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Dried Blood Spots - Preparing and Processing for Use in Immunoassays and in Molecular Techniques

Grüner

Stambouli

Roß

2015

JoVE

125

110

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The idea of collecting blood on a paper card and subsequently using the dried blood spots (DBS) for diagnostic purposes originated a century ago. Since then, DBS testing for decades has remained predominantly focused on the diagnosis of infectious diseases especially in resourcelimited settings or the systematic screening of newborns for inherited metabolic disorders and only recently have a variety of new and innovative DBS applications begun to emerge. For many years, pre-analytical variables were only inappropriately considered in the field of DBS testing and even today, with the exception of newborn screening, the entire pre-analytical phase, which comprises the preparation and processing of DBS for their final analysis has not been standardized. Given this background, a comprehensive step-by-step protocol, which covers al the essential phases, is proposed, i.e., collection of blood; preparation of blood spots; drying of blood spots; storage and transportation of DBS; elution of DBS, and finally analyses of DBS eluates. The effectiveness of this protocol was first evaluated with 1,762 coupled serum/DBS pairs for detecting markers of hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus, and human immunodeficiency virus infections on an automated analytical platform. In a second step, the protocol was utilized during a pilot study, which was conducted on active drug users in the German cities of Berlin and Essen.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dried Blood Spots - Preparing and Processing for Use in Immunoassays and in Molecular Techniques

Grüner

Stambouli

Roß

2015

JoVE

125

110

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…DBS technology has been applied to diagnostic screening in drug discovery, for pharmaco-or toxicokinetic evaluation nonclinical, and clinical settings. This method is a good alternative to the classical ones due to relative noninvasiveness, easy realization, simple sample treatment and storage, very low volumes of biomaterials applications [2]. In medical practice this approach was lately effectively adapted for infectious disease diagnostics [3,4], including human immunodeficiency virus [5][6][7][8], hepatitis [9][10][11][12], and flaviviridae [13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative research of effectiveness of cellulose and fiberglass porous membrane carriers for bio sampling in veterinary and food industry monitoring

Gusev

Vasyukova

Zakharova

et al. 2017

AIP Conference Proceedings

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Abstract. The aim of proposed research is to study the applicability of fiberglass porous membrane materials in a new strip format for dried blood storage in food industry monitoring. A comparative analysis of cellulosic and fiberglass porous membrane materials was carried out to obtain dried samples of serum or blood and the possibility of further species-specific analysis. Blood samples of Sus scrofa were used to study the comparative effectiveness of cellulose and fiberglass porous membrane carriers for long-term biomaterial storage allowing for further DNA detection by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method. Scanning electron microscopy of various membranes -native and with blood samples -indicate a fundamental difference in the form of dried samples. Membranes based on cellulosic materials sorb the components of the biological fluid on the surface of the fibers of their structure, partially penetrating the cellulose fibers, while in the case of glass fiber membranes the components of the biological fluid dry out as films in the pores of the membrane between the structural filaments. This fundamental difference in the retention mechanisms affects the rate of dissolution of the components of dry samples and contributes to an increase in the efficiency of the desorption process of the sample before subsequent analysis. Detecting of pig DNA in every analyzed sample under the performed Real-time PCR as well as good state of the biomaterial preservation on the glass fiber membranes was clearly demonstrated. Good biomaterials preservation has been revealed on the test cards for 4 days as well as for 1 hour.

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“…Dried blood spot (DBS) sampling has recently gained broader implementation, likely due to a combination of its simplicity in sampling, shipping, and storage, as well as the overall cost savings (20,21). One of the challenges in employing DBS analysis is related to the sensitivity of the LC-MS/MS system, since the actual volume of blood used for sample extraction and analysis is equivalent to approximately 2 to 4 µL of blood (from a 3-mm diameter DBS punch), in contrast to 50 to 100 µL of plasma used for a standard analysis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation and Optimization of Blood Micro-Sampling Methods: Serial Sampling in a Cross-Over Design from an Individual Mouse

et al. 2016

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-Purpose: Current practices applied to mouse pharmacokinetic (PK) studies often use large numbers of animals with sporadic or composite sampling that inadequately describe PK profiles. The purpose of this work was to evaluate and optimize blood microsampling techniques coupled with dried blood spot (DBS) and LC-MS/MS analysis to generate reliable PK data in mice. In addition, the feasibility of cross-over designs was assessed and recommendations are presented. Methods: The work describes a comprehensive evaluation of five blood microsampling techniques (tail clip, tail vein with needle hub, submandibular, retro-orbital, and saphenous bleeding) in CD-1 mice. The feasibility of blood sampling was evaluated based on animal observations, ease of bleeding, and ability to collect serial samples. Methotrexate, gemfibrozil and glipizide were used as test compounds and were dosed either orally or intravenously, followed by DBS collection and LC-MS/MS analysis to compare PK with various bleeding methods. Results: Submandibular and retro-orbital methods that required non-serial blood collections did not allow for inter-animal variability assessments and resulted in poorly described absorption and distribution kinetics. The submandibular and tail vein with needle-hub methods were the least favorable from a technical feasibility perspective. Serial bleeding was possible with cannulated animals or saphenous bleeding in non-cannulated animals. Conclusions: Of the methods that allowed serial sampling, the saphenous method when executed as described in this report, was most practical, reproducible and provided for assessment of inter-animal variability. It enabled the collection of complete exposure profiles from a single mouse and the conduct of an intravenous/oral cross-over study design. This methodology can be used routinely, it promotes the 3Rs principles by achieving reductions in the number of animals used, decreased restraints and animal stress, and improved the quality of data obtained in mouse PK studies.

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Dried Blood Spots: Analysis and Applications

Cited by 241 publications

References 129 publications

Dried Blood Spots - Preparing and Processing for Use in Immunoassays and in Molecular Techniques

Dried Blood Spots - Preparing and Processing for Use in Immunoassays and in Molecular Techniques

Comparative research of effectiveness of cellulose and fiberglass porous membrane carriers for bio sampling in veterinary and food industry monitoring

Evaluation and Optimization of Blood Micro-Sampling Methods: Serial Sampling in a Cross-Over Design from an Individual Mouse

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