Dried plum diet protects from bone loss caused by ionizing radiation

Schreurs, Ann-Sofie; Shirazi‐Fard, Yasaman; Shahnazari, Mohammad; Alwood, Joshua S.; Truong, Tiffany; Tahimic, Candice; Limoli, Charles L.; Turner, Nancy D.; Halloran, Bernard P.; Globus, Ruth K.

doi:10.1038/srep21343

Cited by 53 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 64 publications

(119 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Among the parameters analyzed, IR only induced changes in Tb.Th and Tb.Sp. Unlike reports by others, there were no significant changes in Tb.N from any of the treatment groups relative to the sham-irradiated control group 21,43,44 . When HU was combined with IR, Tb.Th decreased by 9%.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Our lab has reported that mice fed a diet composed of Dried Plum (DP) prevented cancellous bone loss caused by ionizing radiation (IR), both low-LET such as gamma ( 137 Cs) and a mixture of both low-LET and high-LET (sequential beam of proton, 1 H and iron, 56 Fe). The proposed mechanism for DP's protective effect is via the prevention of radiation-induced increases in markers of bone resorption, inflammation and oxidative stress 43 .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For this study, we utilized the HU model and exposure to total body irradiation ( 137 Cs gamma radiation, at 2 Gy dose) as analogs of weightlessness and radiation exposure, respectively. A relatively high dose of radiation (2 Gy) was chosen as a positive control dose to ensure bone loss in rodents and to allow for testing of DP as a countermeasure, as previously described 43 . We sought to determine whether DP diet prevents simulated microgravity-induced bone loss alone, and in combination with radiation, as compared to respective control diet controls.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Dietary countermeasure mitigates simulated spaceflight-induced osteopenia in mice

Steczina

Tahimic

Pendleton

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Spaceflight is a unique environment that includes at least two factors which can negatively impact skeletal health: microgravity and ionizing radiation. We have previously shown that a diet supplemented with dried plum powder (DP) prevented radiation-induced bone loss in mice. In this study, we investigated the capacity of the DP diet to prevent bone loss in mice following exposure to simulated spaceflight, combining microgravity (by hindlimb unloading) and radiation exposure. The DP diet was effective at preventing most decrements in bone micro-architectural and mechanical properties due to hindlimb unloading alone and simulated spaceflight. Furthermore, we show that the DP diet can protect osteoprogenitors from impairments resulting from simulated microgravity. Based on our findings, a dietary supplementation with DP could be an effective countermeasure against the skeletal deficits observed in astronauts during spaceflight.Alterations in the gravity vector and exposure to ionizing radiation can disrupt skeletal homeostasis in mice 1-3 . There are multiple stressors associated with spaceflight, including microgravity and radiation which are known to cause bone loss 4-6 . Decrements in bone mineral density (BMD) have been observed in astronauts from the Mir missions as well as missions to the International Space Station (ISS) 7-9 . While much research has focused on the detrimental effects of microgravity on skeletal tissue, less is known about the impact of spaceflight radiation. Crewed missions have, to this point, primarily remained within low-Earth orbit (LEO). While sources of ionizing space radiation within LEO include galactic cosmic radiation and charged particles from unpredictable solar particle events (SPE) 10,11 , the presence of the Earth's magnetosphere reduces exposure to ionizing space radiation. Missions beyond LEO pose the greatest risk of radiation exposure and is of significant concern for crew health 12-14 . Spaceflight-relevant radiation includes a mix of low-linear energy transfer (LET) species such as protons and helium ions as well as high-LET species such as iron 15,16 . Beyond LEO, for example, astronauts may be exposed to up to 0.7 Sv of ionizing radiation 12,15,17 during a multi-year mission to the Moon or Mars 14,15,18 .On Earth, bone homeostasis is effectively maintained by the controlled remodeling activity of bone-forming osteoblasts and bone-resorbing osteoclasts. However, exposure to low-LET radiation ( 137 Cs or X-ray, 1-2 Gy) leads to a transient increase in the number of osteoclasts, accompanied by an increase in trabecular separation (Tb.Sp) and decrease in trabecular thickness (Tb.Th), overall leading to a reduction in bone volume fraction (BV/TV) [19][20][21][22] . Together, this early increase in bone resorption and decrease in bone formation due to radiation exposure can result in a state of osteopenia, potentially leading to an increased risk of bone fracture 16,23,24 . A possible mechanism of action responsible for these changes in bone homeostasis is the generation o...

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Dietary countermeasure mitigates simulated spaceflight-induced osteopenia in mice

Steczina

Tahimic

Pendleton

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…After title/abstract review, 22 articles were screened in full-text and included in this comprehensive review [10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,31,32]. Two additional studies [30,33] were included after examination of the reference lists of the 22 studies identified in the literature search.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dried Plums, Prunes and Bone Health: A Comprehensive Review

Wallace

2017

Nutrients

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The 2015–2020 Dietary Guidelines for Americans advocate for increasing fruit intake and replacing energy-dense foods with those that are nutrient-dense. Nutrition across the lifespan is pivotal for the healthy development and maintenance of bone. The National Osteoporosis Foundation estimates that over half of Americans age 50+ have either osteoporosis or low bone mass. Dried plums, also commonly referred to as prunes, have a unique nutrient and dietary bioactive profile and are suggested to exert beneficial effects on bone. To further elucidate and summarize the potential mechanisms and effects of dried plums on bone health, a comprehensive review of the scientific literature was conducted. The PubMed database was searched through 24 January 2017 for all cell, animal, population and clinical studies that examined the effects of dried plums and/or extracts of the former on markers of bone health. Twenty-four studies were included in the review and summarized in table form. The beneficial effects of dried plums on bone health may be in part due to the variety of phenolics present in the fruit. Animal and cell studies suggest that dried plums and/or their extracts enhance bone formation and inhibit bone resorption through their actions on cell signaling pathways that influence osteoblast and osteoclast differentiation. These studies are consistent with clinical studies that show that dried plums may exert beneficial effects on bone mineral density (BMD). Long-term prospective cohort studies using fractures and BMD as primary endpoints are needed to confirm the effects of smaller clinical, animal and mechanistic studies. Clinical and prospective cohort studies in men are also needed, since they represent roughly 29% of fractures, and likewise, diverse race and ethnic groups. No adverse effects were noted among any of the studies included in this comprehensive review. While the data are not completely consistent, this review suggests that postmenopausal women may safely consume dried plums as part of their fruit intake recommendations given their potential to have protective effects on bone loss.

show abstract

“…However, 3 days after lethal-dose gamma irradiation, metabolite levels in urine samples of nonhuman primates had some outliers compared to controls, indicating significant biological variations (21). Furthermore, mouse tissues were able to recover at day 11 after 2.0 Gy gamma irradiation (22). The goal of this study was to investigate changes in metabolites of liver tissue at time points close to days 3 and 11 postirradiation; ultimately, days 4 and 11 postirradiation were selected Six groups of animals were exposed to gamma radiation (n = 27; Supplementary Table S1; http://dx.doi.org/10.1667/RR14602.1.S1) [0 Gy (n = 4), 3.0 Gy (n = 10; 2 groups) and 7.8 Gy (n = 4)] or proton radiation [0 Gy (n = 4) or 3.0 Gy (n = 5)], respectively.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

NMR-based Metabolomics Analysis of Liver from C57BL/6 Mouse Exposed to Ionizing Radiation

Xiao

Zhang

et al. 2017

Radiation Research

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The effects of ionizing radiation to human health are of great concern in the field of space exploration and for patients considering radiotherapy. However, to date, the effect of high-dose radiation on metabolism in the liver has not been clearly defined. In this study, 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)-based metabolomics combined with multivariate data analysis was applied to study the changes of metabolism in the liver of C57BL/6 mouse after whole-body gamma (3.0 and 7.8 Gy) or proton (3.0 Gy) irradiation. Principal component analysis (PCA) and orthogonal projection to latent structures analysis (OPLS) were used for classification and identification of potential biomarkers associated with exposure to gamma and proton radiation. The results show that the radiation exposed groups can be well separated from the control group. Where the same dose was received, the proton exposed group was nevertheless well separated from the gamma-exposed group, indicating that different radiation sources induce different alterations in the metabolic profile. Common among all high-dose gamma and proton exposed groups were the statistically decreased concentrations of choline, O-phosphocholine and trimethylamine N-oxide, while the concentrations of glutamine, glutathione, malate, creatinine, phosphate, betaine and 4-hydroxyphenylacetate were statistically and significantly elevated. Since these altered metabolites are associated with multiple biological pathways, the results suggest that radiation induces abnormality in multiple biological pathways. In particular, metabolites such as 4-hydroxyphenylacetate, betaine, glutamine, choline and trimethylamine N-oxide may be prediagnostic biomarkers candidates for ionizing exposure of the liver.

show abstract

Dried plum diet protects from bone loss caused by ionizing radiation

Cited by 53 publications

References 64 publications

Dietary countermeasure mitigates simulated spaceflight-induced osteopenia in mice

Dietary countermeasure mitigates simulated spaceflight-induced osteopenia in mice

Dried Plums, Prunes and Bone Health: A Comprehensive Review

NMR-based Metabolomics Analysis of Liver from C57BL/6 Mouse Exposed to Ionizing Radiation

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About