Drift in Type K Bare-Wire Thermocouples from Different Manufacturers

Webster, E. S.

doi:10.1007/s10765-017-2210-1

Cited by 15 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Both issues lead to underestimations of the surface temperature, which induce overestimated emissivity values. An extensive literature on the biases and problems associated with Type K thermocouples has been produced [50][51][52][53][54]. Therefore, an upgrade to a Type N thermocouple is projected for the HAIRL to avoid these systematic errors.…”

Section: Metals (Thermocouples)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Updated measurement method and uncertainty budget for direct emissivity measurements at the University of the Basque Country

Arrieta¹,

Echániz²,

Fuente³

et al. 2020

Metrologia

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This work reports on the upgrades made to the direct emissivity measurement facility of the UPV/EHU. The instrumental improvements consist of, among others, a high-vacuum system and wider temperature range (300 − 1273 K). Methodological developments include a refined measurement equation with updated parameters and a reworked ISO-compliant uncertainty budget, and a Monte Carlo procedure for accurate calculations of total emissivities from spectral data. These upgrades have been demonstrated and validated in measurements of both metallic and ceramic materials. The results obtained in this work are applicable to similar experimental devices for emissivity measurements in order to report reliable emissivity data.

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Section: Metals (Thermocouples)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Updated measurement method and uncertainty budget for direct emissivity measurements at the University of the Basque Country

Arrieta¹,

Echániz²,

Fuente³

et al. 2020

Metrologia

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“…For simulation, the thermocouple in the reagent is assumed to be at the same distance from the exchange site. In this case, the initial value for T AI sim was taken and T AI eksp was changed until the experimentally measured temperature in the air was equal [16][17][18][19] .…”

Section: Fig 3 Simulation Dependence When Measuring Thermocouple Inte...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Mathematical Study of Temperature Measurement by Thermocouple in Chemical Processes

Iskandarov

2022

Orient. J. Chem

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Processing of oil, gas and gas condensate is one of the most widespread areas of modern chemical-technological processes. Due to the safety of chemical and technological process management, strict requirements have been set for the quality of processes in the oil and gas refining and petrochemical industries. During chemical-technological processes in the oil and gas industry, the fractional composition of the product, the typical boiling point, the octane number of gasoline, the cetane number of diesel fuel, the evaporation temperature, the ignition temperature and other parameters must be determined with special accuracy. This set of characteristics is used in the laboratory assessment of the quality of oil, oil products and gas condensate. Temperature measurements performed during such processes must have maximum accuracy. For this reason, the determination of temperature by thermocouples in the above-mentioned chemical processes has been mathematically studied and evaluated during the research.

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“…Table 3 clarified that K-is more sensitive to oxidation 3 times than K+. The total thermal exposure of type K was only 600 hours because one of its thermoelements (may be K-) was cut after 600 hours and this may be due to destructive corrosion at about 850 •C, where wires started failing at only 800 •C [12] and also embrittlement along grain boundaries which is a result of thermocycling-Alumel embrittles at lower temperatures than Chromel [13]. The decreasing of Cr to about 9% is in accordance with KRIŪKIENĖ et al, [14] which enhance the oxidation rate in K+.…”

Section: Effect Of Thermal Exposure On Microstructure and Chemical Co...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The decreasing of Cr to about 9% is in accordance with KRIŪKIENĖ et al, [14] which enhance the oxidation rate in K+. As a recommendation, 0.5 mm Type K should not be used above 750 °C as suggested in the ASTM manual (used at a temperature well below the 870 •C) as well as over 700 °C, the user should ensure sufficient clean air to avoid green rot [12].…”

Section: Effect Of Thermal Exposure On Microstructure and Chemical Co...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterizing Drift Behavior in Type K and N Thermocouples After High Temperature Thermal Exposures

Abdelaziz

Hammam

Megahed

et al. 2022

ARFMTS

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Although of the widespread use of base metal thermocouples in the industry, many previous relevant researches have shown that the accuracy and stability of thermocouples are clearly influenced by any physical or chemical changes in their thermoelements. Among the most important of these changes are the inhomogeneity, pollution, oxidation and microstructure changes of the thermoelements, all of these changes and more leads to thermocouples drift after a prolonged thermal exposure. To study how these changes affect the drift and thermoelectric properties of thermocouples, in this work we subjected the base metal thermocouples of types K and N to successive thermal exposure periods at their maximum temperatures. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDX) systems were used to monitor the change in the crystal structure and chemical composition of the thermocouple wires after each stage of the thermal heating, and then we studied the changes in the thermoelectric properties of thermocouple wires. The results showed type N thermocouples are more stable at high temperatures (up to 1050 ͦ C), even if used for long periods (for more than 1200 hours) at those temperatures, but K type thermocouples showed a rapid drift with first exposure to high temperatures and completely failed after 600 hours due to devastating corrosion.

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Drift in Type K Bare-Wire Thermocouples from Different Manufacturers

Cited by 15 publications

References 9 publications

Updated measurement method and uncertainty budget for direct emissivity measurements at the University of the Basque Country

Updated measurement method and uncertainty budget for direct emissivity measurements at the University of the Basque Country

Mathematical Study of Temperature Measurement by Thermocouple in Chemical Processes

Characterizing Drift Behavior in Type K and N Thermocouples After High Temperature Thermal Exposures

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