Drivers and barriers to urban water reuse: A systematic review

The Covid-19 pandemic becomes a primary issue in urban development that requires several supporting facilities and infrastructures to handle. The adequate water supply to ensure the washing hand and bathing as part of health protocol implementation is crucial for drought-prone areas. Meanwhile, the government strategies on drought handling by assisting the water trucks are considered a temporary solution. Hence, this study examines urban design initiatives to deal with Covid-19 impact on the water sector, particularly in Semarang drought-prone areas. The research used a quantitative method by overlaying physical variables such as the soil type, slope, and water supply coverage to determine the drought level map. Afterward, the drought level compared with the population growth and community's economic capacity to describe the area's vulnerability. Besides, the existing drought handling strategies were analyzed to examine the impact. This study utilized secondary data such as the government institution websites as well as Google maps. The analysis results point out that most of drought-prone areas did not serve by government water service and relied on the community-based water supply system. In addition, 25% of the inhabitants are categorized as a low-income community, so that they prefer to take water from the river or spring than have to expend more to buy the water. Meanwhile, the existing initiatives on drought handling did not have significant impacts because of a lack of knowledge and unclear regulation. The Water Sensitive Urban Design (WSUD) concept has already been adopted, yet the implementation was still small-scale and unsustained. Therefore, it is necessary to consider the physical, socio-economic, and political aspects in implementing the drought handling initiatives.

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“…However, encourage the community to adopt a new way of water utilization has some obstacles (Lee & Jepson, 2020), such as:…”

Section: Analysis Of the Urban Design Initiatives Related To Droughtmentioning

confidence: 99%

Urban Design Initiatives in Drought-prone Areas dealing increasing Water Demand as Pandemic Covid-19 Impact

Dewi

Prihestiwi²

2022

Int J. of BES

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“…Long-term impacts: health Public health threats due to pollutants Jasim et al (2016), Ouda (2016), Miller (2015), Duong and Saphores (2015) Availability of appropriate treatment technologies and multiple treatment barriers to IDR and DPR Cotruvo (2016) Safety, reliability and the minimization of health impacts of production failures through standards, monitoring and international guidelines Ong (2016), Binz et al (2016), Miller (2015) Microbial risk to the environment and public health by the presence of antibiotics in reclaimed water Hong et al (2013) Long-term impacts: soil Increase in soil salinity because of reused wastewater and agricultural drainage water Al-Hamaiedeh and Bino (2010), Carr et al (2011), Barnes (2014) Improvement in soil nutrient and microorganism levels with longer reclaimed water irrigation Chen et al (2015b) Effects of wastewater reuse on soil productivity, soil fertility, human health and environmental health Becerra-Castro et al (2015) Treatment technology in relation to soil functions and planned crops Abegunrin et al (2016) Regulations and standards Cross-sectoral regulations and guidelines Fawell et al (2016), Bahri (2009), European Commission (2015), Scruggs and Thomson (2017) Safety culture and regulations incorporating low and high probability risks as well as low and high consequences of safety failures The need for systems thinking, linkages with other sectors, and a holistic water security approach; Overcoming regulatory fragmentation Voulvoulis (2015), Bichai et al (2018) The need for political will, legal frameworks, public policies and public utilities as role models Tortajada and Nam Ong (2016), Aleisa and Al-Zubari (2017), Lee and Jepson (2020) Adequate governance; Coordination across different administrative levels Keremane (2017), Aldaco-Manner et al (2019), Meehan et al (2013) factor for the reuse of treated wastewater for recharging of aquifers and irrigation (Hong et al, 2013;Jasim et al, 2016;Ouda 2016). There is, nonetheless, agreement on the beneficial potential of water reuse for the GCC region and the technical feasibility of expanding this important option …”

Section: Challenge Description Of Identified Barriers Literaturementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Alongside economic costs, the environmental and social costs (e.g., related to environmental health and public safety) are largely manageable, while the benefits often outweigh these costs (Garcia and Pargament 2015). Water reuse can be a viable option for achieving improved water-use efficiency, reducing water scarcity and mitigating environmental shocks such as droughts (Garcia and Pargament 2015;Brown et al, 2018;Lee and Jepson 2020). As such, it can be seen as an instrument for achieving key sustainability targets such as the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) Target 6.3 on sustainable water quality, wastewater treatment and safe reuse, and Target 6.4 on water-use efficiency and water scarcity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

From Acceptance Snapshots to the Social Acceptability Process: Structuring Knowledge on Attitudes Towards Water Reuse

Al‐Saidi¹

2021

Front. Environ. Sci.

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Water reuse is considered a technologically viable option to meet the increasing demands of the domestic, industrial and agricultural sectors. Alongside challenges such as environmental health, infrastructure and regulations, water reuse is often hindered by lack of acceptance and dismissive attitudes. This paper seeks to structure knowledge about acceptance of water use. It provides a systematic look at the overall reuse challenges and social attitudes towards water reuse considering the three integrative elements of water reuse, namely the water source, the technology, and the end use. It first maps the challenges and common insights that constitute the enigma of water reuse acceptance. Later, it conceptualizes acceptance as a social process consisting of the interdependent components of public perception, politicization, individual acceptance, and use adaptation. Using this conceptual framework, solutions to increasing water acceptance stemming from different bodies of acceptance studies are reviewed. The paper reiterates the need for a nuanced view on water reuse acceptance that incorporates spatio-temporal considerations as well as knowledge from different disciplines.

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“…The reuse of municipal sewage has been the focus of international attention, and the direct utilization of treated municipal sewage in Europe is expected to increase in the future [7]. Worldwide, several case studies have been conducted to investigate the implementation of the advanced reclamation of municipal wastewater for industrial reuse [8][9][10][11][12][13][14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improving the Performance of the Reverse Osmosis Process with Fiber Filter and Ultrafiltration: Promoting Municipal Sewage Reclamation and Reuse for Industrial Processes

Chan

2022

Sustainability

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Wastewater reuse presents a promising solution to the growing need for the sustainable use of available water resources. The reclamation of municipal sewage through reverse osmosis can be applied for diverse uses to alleviate chronic water scarcity. In this study, a pilot plant was fabricated to measure the efficiency and the costs that are associated with pretreatment by the fiber filtration and ultrafiltration of secondary effluent from a water resource recovery facility in Taiwan. The results of this dual-membrane process meet the quantity and quality standards for industrial reuse. The pretreatment produced feedwater with a silt density index (SDI15) lower than 4.1, and with average turbidity removal rates of 42.7% (fiber filtration) and 99.2% (ultrafiltration). Following reverse osmosis, a 97.9% rejection of the electrolyte conductivity was achieved in the reclaimed water. The fouling of the membranes was controlled through the application of intensive backwash, chemically enhanced backflushing, and cleaning in place. The proposed system improves the feasibility, reliability, and economy of the dual-membrane process as a tertiary treatment for safe water reuse, and it thereby demonstrates that this technology has reached maturity for the full-scale implementation of sustainable water reuse.

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Drivers and barriers to urban water reuse: A systematic review

Cited by 43 publications

References 67 publications

Urban Design Initiatives in Drought-prone Areas dealing increasing Water Demand as Pandemic Covid-19 Impact

Urban Design Initiatives in Drought-prone Areas dealing increasing Water Demand as Pandemic Covid-19 Impact

From Acceptance Snapshots to the Social Acceptability Process: Structuring Knowledge on Attitudes Towards Water Reuse

Improving the Performance of the Reverse Osmosis Process with Fiber Filter and Ultrafiltration: Promoting Municipal Sewage Reclamation and Reuse for Industrial Processes

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