Drone high resolution infrared imaging of the Lusi mud eruption

Felice, Fabio Di; Mazzini, Adriano; Stefano, Giuseppe Di; Romeo, G.

doi:10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2017.10.025

Cited by 24 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…In addition, the ROI was defined over multiple plants as a rectangular box with 100,000 pixels, approximately 1.5 m 2 , for canopy temperature measurements. The raw 14‐bit data, Metadata of thermal images, and calibration constants were extracted using Exiftool (Harvey, 2016), and the raw images were processed in Matlab and converted to temperature using equations described in detail in Di Felice et al (2018).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Atmospheric correction is an important step in extracting accurate temperature data. Atmospheric transmission (τ), which is a function of relative humidity, atmospheric temperature, and distance between the object and the camera sensor, was calculated using equations described in details in Di Felice et al (2018) and Minkina and Dudzik (2009). For the canopy temperature measurements, the maximum distance between the crop surface and the thermal camera sensor was 5 m. At this distance, atmospheric transmittance was estimated as 0.986 and the relative temperature error was 0.1%, which can be assumed to be negligible.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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An Inverse Correlation between Corn Temperature and Nitrogen Stress: A Field Case Study

2019

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Nitrogen is one of the most important yield‐limiting nutrients for corn (Zea mays). The ability of thermal remote sensing to detect nitrogen deficiency in corn may enable precision agriculture to modify nitrogen rates according to field conditions. This study applies the exergy destruction principle as a theory to explain the inverse relationship between surface temperature and nitrogen rate. Two hypotheses were developed. First, it was hypothesized that agricultural crops experiencing greater growth and providing greater yield will have lower surface temperature. The second hypothesis was that corn grown under optimum levels of nitrogen will have lower surface temperatures compared to corn grown under nitrogen stressed conditions. Field studies were conducted during two summer seasons (2016 and 2017) on an established long‐term field trial of corn yield response to varying rates of nitrogen. It was found that corn surface temperature decreased as the rate of nitrogen increased. A shallow but statistically significant (P < 0.05) negative slope was observed consistently with increasing rates of nitrogen. Surface temperature measurements, however, were variable. This variability was the result of external and weather dependent variables that influenced leaf surface temperature. Despite this variability, the exergy destruction principle provides a theory from which thermal remote sensing can be applied through the use of surface temperature measurements to detect physiological stress in crop plants. Core Ideas Thermal remote sensing was proposed to detect nitrogen stress in corn plants. Nitrogen stressed plants had higher surface temperatures than less stressed plants. Temperature trends were consistent with the exergy destruction principle. Nitrogen‐temperature correlations were statistically significant at the 0.05 significance level. Corn yield increases with nitrogen rate increase and surface temperature decrease.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Inverse Correlation between Corn Temperature and Nitrogen Stress: A Field Case Study

2019

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“…For geothermal areas, thermal imaging via UAS has been used to record temperatures in places inaccessible from the ground [Amici et al 2013a] and, through similar application of SfM-photogrammetry as for visual images, create high-resolution georeferenced temperature maps (Figure 13; [Di Felice et al 2018;Harvey et al 2016;Walter et al 2018a]). Consumer-grade quadrotor systems (e.g.…”

Section: Geothermal Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…DJI's Phantom), equipped with an infrared camera (e.g. FLIR Tau), are suitable for mapping the temperature, appearance and location of geothermal features [Di Felice et al 2018;Harvey et al 2016;Walter et al 2018a], and enable changes in apparent temperature and location to be monitored [Nishar et al 2016]. However, the temperature, size, and temperature variations of geothermal features are often much smaller compared to the general trends and patterns observed in volcanic systems, which increases the importance of accurate temperature and spatial calibration of the data products.…”

Section: Geothermal Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, a DEM (with comparable accuracy to lidar surveys) and a calibrated thermal orthophoto enabled calculation of the total heat loss of 43 ± 12 MW for 2.2 km 2 of thermal lakes and streams in the Waikite geothermal area, New Zealand [Harvey et al 2016]. At the LUSI mud volcano (East Java, Indonesia), multiple years of UAS surveys indicated a generally consistent heat flux of~700 W m −2 from the vent area, and concentric temperature patterns mapped around the vent enabled identification of convection cells in the shallow subsurface ( Figure 14; [Di Felice et al 2018]).…”

Section: Geothermal Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Volcanological applications of unoccupied aircraft systems (UAS): Developments, strategies, and future challenges

James

Carr²,

D'Arcy³

et al. 2020

Volcanica

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Unoccupied aircraft systems (UAS) are developing into fundamental tools for tackling the grand challenges in volcanology; here, we review the systems used and their diverse applications. UAS can typically provide image and topographic data at two orders of magnitude better spatial resolution than space-based remote sensing, and close-range observations at temporal resolutions down to those of video frame rates. Responsive deployments facilitate dense time-series measurements, unique opportunities for geophysical surveys, sample collection from hostile environments such as volcanic plumes and crater lakes, and emergency deployment of ground-based sensors (and robots) into hazardous regions. UAS have already been used to support hazard management and decisionmakers during eruptive crises. As technologies advance, increased system capabilities, autonomy, and availabilitysupported by more diverse and lighter-weight sensors-will offer unparalleled potential for hazard monitoring. UAS are expected to provide opportunities for pivotal advances in our understanding of complex physical and chemical volcanic processes. Non-technical SummaryUnoccupied aircraft systems (UAS) are developing into essential tools for understanding and monitoring volcanoes. UAS can typically provide much more detailed imagery and 3-D maps of the Earth's surface, and more frequently, than satellites are able to. They can also make measurements and collect samples for geochemical analysis from hazardous regions such as volcanic plumes and near active vents. Through being quick to deploy, they offer key advantages during initial stages of volcano unrest as well as throughout eruptions. Data from UAS have already been used to support hazard management and decision-makers during crises. In the future, UAS will become increasingly capable of flying longer and more complex missions, more autonomously and with more sophisticated sensors, and are likely to become key components of broader sensor networks for monitoring and research.

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