Droplet Actuation by Electrowetting-on-Dielectric (EWOD): A Review

Nelson, Wyatt C.; Kim, Chang‐Jin

doi:10.1163/156856111x599562

Cited by 379 publications

(219 citation statements)

References 97 publications

(137 reference statements)

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“…Electrical stimulus is known to control surface properties by controlling surface charge [41]. The same principle is applied to control the attachment, proliferation, and differentiation of cells [42].…”

Section: Polymeric Scaffold Characteristics For Cardiac Tissue Enginementioning

confidence: 99%

Fibers for hearts: A critical review on electrospinning for cardiac tissue engineering

et al. 2017

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Please cite this article as: Kitsara, M., Agbulut, O., Kontziampasis, D., Chen, Y., Menasché, P., Fibers for hearts: A critical review on electrospinning for cardiac tissue engineering, Acta Biomaterialia (2016), doi: http://dx.doi.org/ 10. 1016/j.actbio.2016.11.014 This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof before it is published in its final form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain. AbstractCardiac cell therapy holds a real promise for improving heart function and especially of the chronically failing myocardium. Embedding cells into 3D biodegradable scaffolds may better preserve cell survival and enhance cell engraftment after transplantation, consequently improving cardiac cell therapy compared with direct intramyocardial injection of isolated cells.The primary objective of a scaffold used in tissue engineering is the recreation of the natural 3D environment most suitable for an adequate tissue growth. An important aspect of this commitment is to mimic the fibrillar structure of the extracellular matrix, which provides essential guidance for cell organization, survival, and function. Recent advances in nanotechnology have significantly improved our capacities to mimic the extracellular matrix. Among them, electrospinning is well known for being easy to process and cost effective. Consequently, it is becoming increasingly popular for biomedical applications and it is most definitely the cutting edge technique to make scaffolds that mimic the extracellular matrix for industrial applications.Here, the desirable physico-chemical properties of the electrospun scaffolds for cardiac therapy are described, and polymers are categorized to natural and synthetic. Moreover, the methods used for improving functionalities by providing cells with the necessary chemical cues and a more in vivo-like environment are reported.

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Section: Polymeric Scaffold Characteristics For Cardiac Tissue Enginementioning

confidence: 99%

Fibers for hearts: A critical review on electrospinning for cardiac tissue engineering

et al. 2017

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“…Below the capillary length scale, surface forces dominate over gravity [8]. When aqueous droplets come into the vicinity of the hydrophilic channel walls and are drawn near them, the radius of curvature will change at the contact line and will result in a pressure differential.…”

Section: Vertical Functionalitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As the benefits and processing capabilities of the DµF platform have grown, the range of lab-on-a-chip applications in chemistry, biology, and medicine has expanded [4]. Notable benefits include reduced reaction times and reagent consumption on the microscale [5,6], the lack of pumps or valves [7], reconfigurability [8], and automation [9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To move the droplets, an electrical potential is applied to electrodes adjacent to the target liquid droplet. The resulting electromechanical force drives droplet translation through a combination of electrowetting and dielectrophoretic (DEP) mechanisms, depending on the liquid and the applied frequency [8,10,11]. Translation by electrowetting can be analyzed in terms of an electrostatic force, a surface tension force, and a pressure force [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The resulting electromechanical force drives droplet translation through a combination of electrowetting and dielectrophoretic (DEP) mechanisms, depending on the liquid and the applied frequency [8,10,11]. Translation by electrowetting can be analyzed in terms of an electrostatic force, a surface tension force, and a pressure force [8]. Dielectrophoretic actuation is a consequence of polarization in the liquid droplet due to non-uniform fields that develop in the liquid and the ambient medium.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Digital Microfluidic System with Vertical Functionality

Bender

Garrell

2015

Micromachines

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Digital (droplet) microfluidics (DµF) is a powerful platform for automated lab-on-a-chip procedures, ranging from quantitative bioassays such as RT-qPCR to complete mammalian cell culturing. The simple MEMS processing protocols typically employed to fabricate DµF devices limit their functionality to two dimensions, and hence constrain the applications for which these devices can be used. This paper describes the integration of vertical functionality into a DµF platform by stacking two planar digital microfluidic devices, altering the electrode fabrication process, and incorporating channels for reversibly translating droplets between layers. Vertical droplet movement was modeled to advance the device design, and three applications that were previously unachievable using a conventional format are demonstrated: (1) solutions of calcium dichloride and sodium alginate were vertically mixed to produce a hydrogel with a radially symmetric gradient in crosslink density; (2) a calcium alginate hydrogel was formed within the through-well to create a particle sieve for filtering suspensions passed from one layer to the next; and (3) a cell spheroid formed using an on-chip hanging-drop was retrieved for use in downstream processing. The general capability of vertically delivering droplets between multiple stacked levels represents a processing innovation that increases DµF functionality and has many potential applications.

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Electrowetting Effect: Theory, Modeling, and Applications

Crane

2015

Wiley Encyclopedia of Electrical and Electronics Engineering

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Electrowetting is a phenomenon in which an electric field at a fluid interface changes the equilibrium interface position. This is generally observed as a quadratic relationship between the applied voltage and the change in the cosine of the apparent contact angle. While the phenomena were first observed more than 100 years ago, until recently, applications were limited by poor reliability. The application of modern materials and manufacturing methods has enabled the fabrication of a wide range of devices that show excellent repeatability. Applications range from focusing lenses to miniature biomedical diagnostics and optical displays. The article reviews the basic electrowetting phenomena, the characteristics of key configurations, and key materials issues in fabricating reliable electrowetting devices. Some practical applications and modeling approaches of the electrowetting phenomena are also reviewed.

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Droplet Actuation by Electrowetting-on-Dielectric (EWOD): A Review

Cited by 379 publications

References 97 publications

Fibers for hearts: A critical review on electrospinning for cardiac tissue engineering

Fibers for hearts: A critical review on electrospinning for cardiac tissue engineering

Digital Microfluidic System with Vertical Functionality

Electrowetting Effect: Theory, Modeling, and Applications

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