Drought and the Evolution of Flowering Time in Desert Annuals

Fox, Gordon A.

doi:10.1002/j.1537-2197.1990.tb12563.x

Cited by 67 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 66 publications

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“…The advance in flowering time with increasing temperatures is quite well documented in some species (Fitter and Fitter 2002;Lesica and Kittelson 2010;Orlandi et al 2010;Sparks et al 2000). Some studies have indicated that precipitation is also an important factor in flowering phenology (Fox 1990;Lesica and Kittelson 2010;Prieto et al 2008), and extended blooming is probably restricted by limited precipitation (Bustamante and Búrquez 2008). Once again, our study corroborates these findings: air temperatures (T mean and T max ) were found to be the most important meteorological drivers of A. longifolia peak flowering date (Table 3).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 94%

Do climatic and habitat conditions affect the reproductive success of an invasive tree species? An assessment of the phenology of Acacia longifolia in Portugal

et al. 2014

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Plant phenological events are some of the most sensitive indicators of how plant species respond to favourable or stressful conditions. The evaluation of the flowering phenology of invasive plant species is particularly relevant, mainly due to its crucial importance in determining plant reproductive success and the outcome of invasion. We studied the phenology of Acacia longifolia, an aggressive, invasive plant species in the Mediterranean basin. We measured its vegetative growth and reproductive traits, specifically flowering phenophases and fruit production, under different climatic conditions (mesic and xeric Mediterranean climates), and in two different habitats (pine forest and open area). All the measured phenological phases began earlier at the xeric site than at the mesic site; this was particularly evident when comparing reproductive phenophases. Flowering dates were significantly associated with air temperature, with early peak flowering dates linked to increases in air temperature. The number of fruiting flowers per inflorescence in A. longifolia trees was higher at the mesic site, mainly in the pine forest plot, and the number of aborted fruits was notably lower than in the xeric plots. The presence of a pine forest at the mesic site strongly influenced the flowering phenology of A. longifolia and resulted in the highest reproductive success and the lowest branch growth rate. Our results demonstrate that a combination of climate and forest structure can cause pronounced differences in phenology and reproductive success of A. longifolia. These data can help to understand the variations in invasive rates of A. longifolia across the Mediterranean basin.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 94%

Do climatic and habitat conditions affect the reproductive success of an invasive tree species? An assessment of the phenology of Acacia longifolia in Portugal

et al. 2014

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“…We therefore conclude that the observed population differentiation in plasticity of flowering time is adaptive. Early flowering has been shown to be advantageous in habitats in which mortality is likely to be early (Lacey 1986a,b;Fox 1990;Biere 1995). Schemske (1984) observed fine-scale adaptive divergence in flowering time in Impatiens pallida; in woodland areas, early mortality caused selection to favor genotypes that flowered earlier than those growing on forest edges.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Evidence of Adaptive Divergence in Plasticity: Density- And Site-Dependent Selection on Shade-Avoidance Responses in Impatiens Capensis

Donohue

Messiqua

Pyle³

et al. 2000

Evolution

191

182

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We investigated the conditions under which plastic responses to density are adaptive in natural populations of Impatiens capensis and determined whether plasticity has evolved differently in different selective environments. Previous studies showed that a population that evolved in a sunny site exhibited greater plasticity in response to density than did a population that evolved in a woodland site. Using replicate inbred lines in a reciprocal transplant that included a density manipulation, we asked whether such population differentiation was consistent with the hypothesis of adaptive divergence. We hypothesized that plasticity would be more strongly favored in the sunny site than in the woodland site; consequently, we predicted that selection would be more strongly density dependent in the sunny site, favoring the phenotype that was expressed at each density. Selection on internode length and flowering date was consistent with the hypothesis of adaptive divergence in plasticity. Few costs or benefits of plasticity were detected independently from the expressed phenotype, so plasticity was selected primarily through selection on the phenotype. Correlations between phenotypes and their plasticity varied with the environment and would cause indirect selection on plasticity to be environment dependent. We showed that an appropriate plastic response even to a rare environment can greatly increase genotypic fitness when that environment is favorable. Selection on the measured characters contributed to local adaptation and fully accounted for fitness differences between populations in all treatments except the woodland site at natural density.

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“…Fox 1990;Nienhuis et al 1994;Dudley 1996;Eckhart et al 2004;Sambatti and Rice 2007;Wu et al 2010). In the present study, we found consistent differentiation for tolerance to drought between Norwegian riverbed populations and Swedish shore populations.…”

Section: Among-population Differentiationmentioning

confidence: 97%

Variation in tolerance to drought among Scandinavian populations of Arabidopsis lyrata

Sletvold

Ågren

2011

Evol Ecol

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The ability to cope with water limitation influences plant distributions, and several plant traits have been interpreted as adaptations to drought stress. In Scandinavia, the perennial herb Arabidopsis lyrata occurs in open habitats that differ widely in climate and water availability in summer, suggesting differential selection on drought-related traits. We conducted two greenhouse experiments to examine differentiation in drought response traits among six Scandinavian populations, and to determine whether leaf trichomes confer protection against drought. We quantified tolerance to drought as fitness (survival and biomass of survivors) when exposed to drought relative to fitness under non-drought conditions. Two Swedish populations from shores along the Bothnian Bay had higher tolerance to drought than four riverbed populations from Norway. Under conditions of drought, the shore populations experienced less leaf damage compared to the riverbed populations, and their survival and biomass were less reduced relative to non-drought conditions. Across populations, tolerance to drought was positively related to leaf mass per area and negatively related to flowering propensity and proportion roots, but not related to plant size at the initiation of the drought treatment. In populations polymorphic for trichome production, trichome-producing plants were more tolerant to drought than glabrous plants. The results suggest that both leaf morphology and life-history traits contribute to differential drought response in natural populations of A. lyrata, and that this system offers excellent opportunities for examining the adaptive value and genetic basis of drought-related traits.

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Drought and the Evolution of Flowering Time in Desert Annuals

Cited by 67 publications

References 66 publications

Do climatic and habitat conditions affect the reproductive success of an invasive tree species? An assessment of the phenology of Acacia longifolia in Portugal

Do climatic and habitat conditions affect the reproductive success of an invasive tree species? An assessment of the phenology of Acacia longifolia in Portugal

Evidence of Adaptive Divergence in Plasticity: Density- And Site-Dependent Selection on Shade-Avoidance Responses in Impatiens Capensis

Variation in tolerance to drought among Scandinavian populations of Arabidopsis lyrata

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