Drowning Prevention: Assessment of a Classroom-Based Water Safety Education Program in Vietnam

Abstract

Youth drowning continues to be a primary public health issue globally with Eurasian countries experiencing some of the highest recorded rates of injury and death in aquatic settings. The country of Vietnam is currently working toward reducing the number of youth drowning fatalities. Part of these efforts is the introduction of an in-school water safety educational program. For this study, pilot pre/post data were acquired and used to assess overall knowledge acquisition and changes in knowledge of youth in grades 1 to 5 in central Vietnam. A total of 229 schools participated, resulting in 40 198 usable surveys. The results indicated that overall there was a significant change in scores with an acceptable effect size between measures. Mean scores for each of the water safety messages were rated as acceptable (above 90%), satisfactory (between 70% and 90%), and areas of concern (under 70%). Recommendations were made to program leaders about identified areas of concern.

Exploring the impact of a student-centred survival swimming programme for primary school students in Australia: the perceptions of parents, children and teachers

“…Results from this study are in line with the small amount of research that is available on knowledge acquisition related to these types of programmes (Blitvich, 2014;Ramos et al, 2018). Significant changes in knowledge between pre-programme and post-assessment scores have been reported from programmes (even with short duration interventions) focused on positive water safety behaviour.…”

“…However, the direct measurement of practical swimming skills pre-programme and post-programme within this study is significant, as there is a dearth of work that directly measures swimming competency through the assessment of multiple skills. Hence Ramos et al (2018) identified that swimming behaviour is a phenomenon that needed to be addressed with more scientific rigour.…”

Building the Foundation of Aquatic Literacy in 4–6 Years-Old Children: A Systematic Review of Good Pedagogical Practices for Children and Parents

“…Twenty-one studies were selected for this review. Table 1 (1 study [43]), Table 2 (13 studies [44][45][46][47][48][49][50][51][52][53][54][55][56]), and Table 3 (7 studies [22,[57][58][59][60][61][62]) show the main characteristics of the interventions in terms of objective, level of confidence, theoretical framework used, population, intervention description, measurement tools, and outcomes domains for studies including children and their parents, only children and only parents, respectively. Figure 2 shows a summary of the AL domains concerned in the outcomes of the studies, and Figure 3 shows the risk of bias analysis.…”

“…Among the 21 studies reviewed, there was one instance of a concerned chil ated with their parents (Table 1) and 13 instances of concerned children exclusive 2). The samples built for the studies ranged between 12 [56] and 5129 [46] child duration of the interventions ranged from 90 min [46] to 2-year weekly lessons nine studies were explicitly anchored in a theoretical framework [43][44][45]47,49,50,5 Intervention methods were assessed by measuring the effects of different pedago environmental teaching variables: the types of pedagogy (linear pedagogy vs. n pedagogy [43], playful pedagogy [44]; the depth of the swimming pool [45,52] quency [49] and amount [47,50,55] of swimming sessions, the use of in-school inte [46,48,51,53,56] and the use of information technology [54]. Over the 21 studies e only 5 used a control group to strengthen the evidence analysis [47,48,50,53,55].…”

“…Over the 21 studies explored, only 5 used a control group to strengthen the evidence analysis [47,48,50,53,55]. The methodological strategies to conduct the designs included six studies using validated motor tests [43][44][45]47,49,52], two studies using unvalidated motor tests [50,55], one study using validated questionnaires [43], six studies using questionnaires created specifically for the study [46,48,51,53,55,56], and one study using video analysis [54].…”