Drug and Alcohol Use in Trauma Patients Before and During the COVID-19 Pandemic

Zhai, Merry; Bono, Kristy; Zhang, Wei Wei; Bonne, Stephanie; Gordon, Emily K.; Zerbo, Erin; Quijote, Harrisson; Glass, Nina E.

doi:10.1016/j.jss.2022.11.059

Journal of Surgical Research

2023

DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2022.11.059

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Drug and Alcohol Use in Trauma Patients Before and During the COVID-19 Pandemic

Merry Zhai

Kristy Bono

Wei Wei Zhang

et al.

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2024

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Impact of COVID-19 on Drug Positivity Rates in the Emergency Departments in Boston and Surrounding Areas

Tolan,

Kang,

Chai

et al. 2024

The Journal of Applied Laboratory Medicine

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Background The COVID-19 pandemic reportedly had a significant impact on drug and alcohol use. In this article, we determine positivity rates for urine drugs of abuse and blood alcohol in 5 emergency departments (ED) in the greater Boston metropolitan area over a 4-year period (pre-, during, and post-COVID-19 pandemic). Methods Positivity rates for the urine drug screening (UDS) panel and blood alcohol concentration (>80 mg/dL; over the legal limit in MA) were calculated in patients presenting to one of the 5 ED (2 academic hospitals in Boston, MA and 3 community hospitals outside Boston, MA) during each of the 4 different time periods: pre-COVID (January 1, 2019 to December 31, 2019), stay-at-home (March 24, 2020 to May 18, 2020), during COVID (May 19, 2020 to March 28, 2021), and post-COVID (May 12, 2023 to August 31, 2023). Trend analysis was performed. Additionally, positivity rates during and post-COVID were compared to pre-COVID to determine any significant changes in drug positivity. Results Stimulant (amphetamines and cocaine), cannabinoid, and methadone positivity increased during the pandemic and cocaine, cannabinoid, and methadone positivity remains elevated. By contrast, benzodiazepine and opioid (opiates, fentanyl, oxycodone) positivity decreased and remains lower post-COVID compared to pre-COVID. Patients in the ED with blood alcohol over the legal limit decreased both during and post-COVID. Conclusion Our study showed that the COVID-19 pandemic significantly affected drug and alcohol positivity rates in patients presenting to the ED in greater Boston area. We encourage other institutions to perform similar analyses to help determine local drug use patterns and appropriate composition of UDS panels.

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Impact of COVID-19 on Drug Positivity Rates in the Emergency Departments in Boston and Surrounding Areas

Tolan,

Kang,

Chai

et al. 2024

The Journal of Applied Laboratory Medicine

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Prevalence of Acute Alcohol Use in Traumatic Brain Injury Patients During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Retrospective Analysis From Queens, New York

Jagtiani,

Young,

Ahmed

et al. 2024

Cureus

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Drug and Alcohol Use in Trauma Patients Before and During the COVID-19 Pandemic

Cited by 2 publications

References 7 publications

Impact of COVID-19 on Drug Positivity Rates in the Emergency Departments in Boston and Surrounding Areas

Impact of COVID-19 on Drug Positivity Rates in the Emergency Departments in Boston and Surrounding Areas

Prevalence of Acute Alcohol Use in Traumatic Brain Injury Patients During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Retrospective Analysis From Queens, New York

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