Drug Arrests and Injection Drug Deterrence

Friedman, Samuel R.; Pouget, Enrique R.; Chatterjee, Sudip; Cleland, Charles M.; Tempalski, Barbara; Brady, Joanne E.; Cooper, Hannah L.F.

doi:10.2105/ajph.2010.191759

Cited by 45 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Providing public health and harm reduction advocates with young IDUs estimates can: (1) assist efforts to plan young IDU-related health services; (2) bring about a better understanding of young IDU drug-related health problems; and (3) assist research in exploring the social and structural determinants of young IDU-related prevalence [19, 20]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in the Prevalence of Injection Drug Use Among Adolescents and Young Adults in Large U.S. Metropolitan Areas

et al. 2011

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Young injection drug users (IDUs) are at risk for acquiring blood-borne diseases like HIV and Hepatitis C. Little is known about the population prevalence of young IDUs. We (1) estimate annual population prevalence rates of young IDUs (aged 15–29) per 10,000 in 95 large U.S. metropolitan statistical areas (MSAs) from 1992 to 2002; (2) assess the validity of these estimates; and (3) explore whether injection drug use among youth in these MSAs began to rise after HAART was discovered. A linear mixed model (LMM) estimated the annual population prevalence of young IDUs in each MSA and described trends therein. The population prevalence of IDUs among youths across 95 MSAs increased from 1996 (mean = 95.64) to 2002 (mean = 115.59). Additional analyses of the proportion of young IDUs using health services suggest this increase may have continued after 2002. Harm reduction and prevention research and programs for young IDUs are needed.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in the Prevalence of Injection Drug Use Among Adolescents and Young Adults in Large U.S. Metropolitan Areas

et al. 2011

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“…Lifetime arrests and lifetime incarceration were distinct measures (Friedman et al, 2011). We used duration of incarceration, not timing of incarceration (how long ago incarceration occurred), as duration of incarceration was more important to predicting risk-taking sexual behavior (Khan et al, 2008).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multiplex crack smoking and sexual networks: associations between network members’ incarceration and HIV risks among high-risk MSM

et al. 2016

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Objectives This study examined HIV risks in the multiplex crack-smoking and sexual networks of incarcerated drug-using men who have sex with men (MSM) and their associates. We estimated the associations between the network members’ incarceration, self-reported HIV infection, and trading sex for money. Methods Our analytic sample consisted of 508 crack-smoking or sexual partnerships of 273 high-risk MSM. Network members were specified by (1) crack smoking and sexual behavior or (2) crack smoking only. Results Longer incarceration of the crack-smoking and sexual network members was associated with self-reported HIV infection (AOR = 1.61, p < 0.05), which extended up to one’s partners’ partners’ partners (AOR = 1.63, p < 0.05). Similar results were found for trading sex (AOR = 2.77, p < 0.05). Conclusions The findings of the study call for the development of a system-level HIV intervention among former incarcerated MSM and their associates.

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“…Our previous research on HIV and AIDS among PWID in these MSAs (23, 24, 26, 27, 31, 34) has indicated that a number of social and economic variables (see Table 1) should be controlled for. Some of these were available only for Census years 1990 and 2000.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…See Friedman et al (2006, 2011 2013) for data on their relationship to key parameters for people who inject drugs (26, 27, 34). …”

Section: Tablementioning

confidence: 99%

Do metropolitan HIV epidemic histories and programs for people who inject drugs and men who have sex with men predict AIDS incidence and mortality among heterosexuals?

Friedman

West

Tempalski

et al. 2014

Annals of Epidemiology

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Purpose We focus on a little-researched issue—how HIV epidemics and programs in key populations in metropolitan areas affect epidemics in other key populations. We consider: 1) How are earlier epidemics among people who inject drugs (PWID) and men who have sex with men (MSM) related to later AIDS incidence and mortality among heterosexuals?; 2) Were prevention programs targeting PWID or MSM associated with lower AIDS incidence and mortality among heterosexuals?; and 3) Was the size of the potential bridge population of non-injecting drug users (NIDUs) in a metropolitan area associated with later AIDS incidence and mortality among heterosexuals? Methods Using data for 96 large US metropolitan areas, Poisson regression assessed associations of population prevalences of HIV-infected PWID and MSM (1992); NIDU population prevalence (1992–1994); drug use treatment coverage for PWID (1993); HIV counseling and testing coverage for MSM and for PWID (1992); and syringe exchange presence (2000) with CDC data on AIDS incidence and mortality among heterosexuals in 2006 – 2008, with appropriate socioeconomic controls. Results Population density of HIV+ PWID and of NIDUs were positively related, and prevention programs for PWID negatively related, to later AIDS incidence among heterosexuals and later mortality among heterosexuals living with AIDS. HIV+ MSM population density and prevention programs for MSM were not associated with these outcomes. Conclusions Efforts to reduce HIV transmission among PWID and NIDUs may reduce AIDS and AIDS-related mortality among heterosexuals. More research is needed at metropolitan area, network and individual levels into HIV bridging across key populations and how interventions in one key population affect HIV epidemics in other key populations.

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Drug Arrests and Injection Drug Deterrence

Abstract: Deterrence-based approaches to reducing drug use seem not to reduce IDU prevalence. Alternative approaches such as harm reduction, which prevents HIV transmission and increases referrals to treatment, may be a better foundation for policy.

Cited by 45 publications

References 35 publications

Changes in the Prevalence of Injection Drug Use Among Adolescents and Young Adults in Large U.S. Metropolitan Areas

Changes in the Prevalence of Injection Drug Use Among Adolescents and Young Adults in Large U.S. Metropolitan Areas

Multiplex crack smoking and sexual networks: associations between network members’ incarceration and HIV risks among high-risk MSM

Do metropolitan HIV epidemic histories and programs for people who inject drugs and men who have sex with men predict AIDS incidence and mortality among heterosexuals?

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