Drug-Facilitated Sexual Assault (‘Date Rape’)

Schwartz, Richard; Milteer, Regina M.; LeBeau, Marc A.

doi:10.1097/00007611-200006000-00002

Cited by 155 publications

(77 citation statements)

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“…Los casos denunciados, sin embargo, suelen implicar la administración clandestina de sustancias como Rohipnol (y otras benzodiacepinas), GHB y ketamina mezcladas con las bebidas en los lugares de reunión (Schwartz et al, 2000). Por otro lado, la mayoría de víctimas nunca denuncia, en parte por el efecto amnésico de las sustancias, resultando así difícil evaluar el impacto real de las DFAS (Saint-Martin et al, 2007;Elliott, 2008).…”

Section: Drogas Sexo Y Salir Deunclassified

“…Por lo general suelen producir efectos como desorientación temporal y espacial de la víctima, con lo que muchas veces se invalida su testimonio (Schwartz et al, 2000).…”

Section: Drogas Usadas Con Fines De Sumisión Química Y Facilitadoras unclassified

“…Usada desde la antigüedad por sus efectos alucinógenos; por sus propiedades se ha utilizado como pócima mágica en rituales de carácter sexual. El consumo de hongos y plantas alucinógenas se ha popularizado como drogas de abuso con fines DFAS (Schwartz et al, 2000).…”

Section: Estramoniounclassified

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Rodríguez¹

2015

HAAJ

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Section: Drogas Sexo Y Salir Deunclassified

“…Por lo general suelen producir efectos como desorientación temporal y espacial de la víctima, con lo que muchas veces se invalida su testimonio (Schwartz et al, 2000).…”

Section: Drogas Usadas Con Fines De Sumisión Química Y Facilitadoras unclassified

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Rodríguez¹

2015

HAAJ

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“…benzodiazepin-2-one, flunitrazepam) (I) has received a great deal of attention due its medical [1] and increased elicit usage [2][3][4][5][6][7]. It produces a variety of actions, including sedative effects, anxiolytic muscle-relaxation with a pronounced hypnotic effect and memory loss [8].…”

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confidence: 99%

“…As a result, it has been employed in many medical applications such as in sleeping disorders, and as a pre-anaesthetic medication for procedures including colonoscopy. However, these effects are known to be heightened when taken with alcohol, and other drugs, consequently, it is often taken illicitly to enhance or elevate their effects [5]. The psychotropic sedative effects and memory loss exhibited by Rohypnol has led to it being increasingly reported in sexual assaults and increasingly involved in robberies, where the victim is rendered unable to resist the attacker and has an incomplete recollection of the attack.…”

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confidence: 99%

Novel reductive–reductive mode electrochemical detection of Rohypnol following liquid chromatography and its determination in coffee

Honeychurch

Davidson

Brown

et al. 2015

Analytica Chimica Acta

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Disclaimer UWE has obtained warranties from all depositors as to their title in the material deposited and as to their right to deposit such material. UWE makes no representation or warranties of commercial utility, title, or fitness for a particular purpose or any other warranty, express or implied in respect of any material deposited. UWE makes no representation that the use of the materials will not infringe any patent, copyright, trademark or other property or proprietary rights. UWE accepts no liability for any infringement of intellectual property rights in any material deposited but will remove such material from public view pending investigation in the event of an allegation of any such infringement. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 PLEASE SCROLL DOWN FOR TEXT. AbstractRohypnol (flunitrazepam) has been determined by high performance liquid chromatography dual electrode detection (LC-DED), both in the redox mode and the dual reductive mode. Initial studies were performed to optimise the chromatographic conditions and these were found to be 50 % acetonitrile, 50 % 50 mM pH 2.0 phosphate buffer at a flow rate of 0.75 ml/min, employing a Hypersil C18, 5 µm, 250 mm x 4.6 mm column. Cyclic voltammetric studies were made to ascertain the redox behaviour of Rohypnol at a glassy carbon electrode over the pH range 2-12. Hydrodynamic voltammetry was used to optimise the applied potential at the generator and detector cells; these were identified to be -2.4 V and +0.8 V for the redox mode and -2.4 V and -0.1 V for the dual reductive mode respectively. A linear range of 0.5 µg/ml to 100 µg/ml, with a detection limit of 20 ng/ml was obtained for the dual reductive mode. Further studies were then performed to identify the optimum conditions required for the LC-DED determination of Rohypnol in beverage samples. A convenient and rapid method for the determination of Rohypnol in beverage samples was developed using a simple sample pre-treatment procedure. A recovery of 95.5 % was achieved for a sample of white coffee fortified at 9.6 µg/ml Rohypnol.

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Drugs of Addiction in the Domestic, Occupational and Sports Environment

Adatsi

2009

General, Applied and Systems Toxicology

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A pattern and frequency of the inappropriate use of certain drugs eventually culminates in their classification as drugs of abuse or addiction. The classes of drugs of addiction include stimulants, central nervous system (CNS) depressants and sedatives, opiates, hallucinogens and inhalants. Amphetamines, methamphetamines, MDMA and cocaine are some of the drugs well recognized for their stimulating effects. Alcohol continues to be the main drug of abuse among CNS depressant drugs, and several licit drugs among the benzodiazepines, barbiturates and sedative hypnotics, obtained by overprescription are also found among the CNS drugs of abuse. Among the opiates, traditional drugs, such as morphine and heroin, are still popular among drug users. However, the ease of acquisition due to trafficking and overprescription of hydrocodone, oxycodone, methadone and propoxyphene has given popularity to these drugs among the opiates. Of all drugs considered, marijuana is probably a close second to alcohol in frequency and popularity among drug abusers. Inhalants are popular amongst youths, but are also abused by adults and homosexuals for their potential to enhance sexual enjoyment. The use of these drugs varies from location to location. While use of some of the drugs cuts across both occupational and socioeconomic groups, others are used predominantly within certain occupational groups. The driving force behind any future classification of a drug as a drug of addiction will be determined, not so much by its intended use, but by the drug user. Additionally, the availability of a drug and its regulation, or absence of regulation, will likely contribute to its abuse potential. The longer it takes for the recognition of the abuse potential of a drug, the greater the probability that the drug will acquire a classification as an abused drug. What follows the identification and classification of a drug as being a drug of addiction is a swath of adverse effects due to abuse, and which cut across the social, economic and political profile of society at a staggering cost, measurable eventually in terms of the level and extent of human suffering.

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Drug-Facilitated Sexual Assault (‘Date Rape’)

Cited by 155 publications

References 0 publications

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Novel reductive–reductive mode electrochemical detection of Rohypnol following liquid chromatography and its determination in coffee

Drugs of Addiction in the Domestic, Occupational and Sports Environment

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