Drug-Induced Lactation in Uremia

Rabinowitz, Paul; Friedman, Isaac S.

doi:10.1210/jcem-21-11-1489

Cited by 13 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Recently, Lint et al [3] reported 5 lactating cases among 11 uremic females (45%), but precise clinical details were not described. The 5 cases in the present study showed abnormal lactation which could not be explained by primary gynecological abnor mality, organic diseases of the hypothalamus and pituitary gland [6], chest wall injury [7,8], and drug administration [2].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 48%

“…Rabinowitz and Friedman [2] reported that renal failure patients are apt to develop abnormal lactation with the administration of psychotropic agents. They also claimed that even with a small dose, lactation easily occurs and is reversible.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…On the other hand, abnormal lactation (galactorrhea) has been rarely reported [1][2][3], and the clinical spectrum of these cases has not been described precisely. During the past several years, we have studied 5 uremic females on maintenance hemodialysis who developed abnormal lac tation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Uremic Galactorrhea: an Endocrine Profile

Yoshiyama¹,

Nakagawa²,

Takeuchi³

et al. 1981

Nephron

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Abnormal lactation (galactorrhea) was observed in 5 female patients with renal failure. This appeared in association with amenorrhea in the terminal stage of renal failure. Lactation gradually decreased in the course of maintenance hemodialysis. Hypoestradiolemia and hyper-LH-emia found in these cases reflect ovarian dysfunction, and the results obtained with TRH and LH-RH infusion tests indicate that the patients were also suffering from hypopituitarism. All cases with lactation showed high plasma prolactin levels, with no organic abnormalities identified in their pituitary glands. We conclude that hyperprolactinemia and pituitary-gonadal dysfunction were responsible for the abnormal lactation of these patients.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 48%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Uremic Galactorrhea: an Endocrine Profile

Yoshiyama¹,

Nakagawa²,

Takeuchi³

et al. 1981

Nephron

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“…In 1956 the " hypophyseal disconnection syndrome" in man, caused by a tumour of the hypophyseal region, was described by Pasqualini et al Here the hypophysis was freed from hypothalamic regulation by the tumour mass, and a decreased FSH and LH excretion combined with a persistent increase of prolactin excretion was observed, which explained the non-puerperal galactorrhoea. Treatment with tranquillizing drugs, known to stimulate prolactin secretion in animals by depressing hypothalamic activity, also shows the same effect in the human female (Lampe, 1967; Polishuk and Kulcsar, 1956;Rabinowitz and Friedman, 1961 ;Relkin, 1965;Sulman and Winnik, 1956).…”

Section: Evidence Fhat Prolactin Exists As An Entity Together With Gmentioning

confidence: 92%

Prolactin and mammary gland carcinogenesis. The problem of human prolactin

1970

Intl Journal of Cancer

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In the period 1937-1950, a number of publications appeared dealing with the stimulatory effect of hypophyseal isografts on the mammary glands of mice, leading, at least in certain strains, to mammary tumour development. Pioneers in this field were Loeb et al. (1937Loeb et al. ( , 1944, Loeb and Moskop Kirtz (1939) and Wolfe et al. (1940), and some of the results were confirmed by Silberberg (1949, 1950). The hormonal changes induced by the hypophyseal isografts were not clearly defined. Both groups of investigators assumed without further proof that the grafts stimulated ovarian oestrogen production, which in turn led to mammary tumour formation. Positive results were obtained only in strains carrying the mammary tumour virus (MTV). Efect of hypophyseal isografts on the mammary gland in miceIn 1951 it was decided at the Netherlands Cancer Institute that the experiments described above should be repeated on a large scale, with two main objectives in mind: 1) to determine whether the hypophyseal isograft technique is also successful in MTV-free animals; 2) to analyse more thoroughly the hormonal situation in the graft-bearing female mice.In 1959 the results obtained at that time were described in our first major publication on this subject (Miihlbock and Boot, 19596 167BOOT strains and hybrids tested, except in C57BL mice. Vaginal smear studies disclosed that the grafts produced prolactin continuously throughout the life span of the recipients, starting immediately after transplantation. This hormone is endowed with a double function in mice: it has luteotrophic activity, stimulating the ovarian corpora lutea to produce progesterone, causing a di-oestrous vaginal smear; and it acts directly on the mammary glands (mammotrophic activity). The mammary tumours thus develop in glands exposed to abnormally high amounts of prolactin and progesterone. A number of other parameters studied indicated that the levels of the other hypophyseal hormones, oestrogens, corticosteroids, etc., were about normal.The changes in the vaginal smear pattern allowed not only a qualitative but also a semiquantitative estimation of the amount of prolactin produced by the grafts. In animals with a limited number of subcutaneous grafts the progesterone phases were interrupted by short oestrous periods at 10-to 1Cday intervals. With an increasing number of grafts the oestrous peaks became less pronounced and occurred at longer intervals or disappeared completely.On the basis of the vaginal oestrous cycle changes described above, it was concluded that hypophyseal isografts at other sites (renal, ovarian, splenic or intraperitoneal) also produced prolactin continuously and even more efficiently than subcutaneous grafts. This observation was elaborated upon by Boot et al. (1962) in a subsequent paper, in which variables such as sex and age of the donors were analysed as well, also with respect to mammary tumour induction potential. The kidney proved to be the most favourable implantation site and hypophyses of male donors were at least as effecti...

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“…Asphyxial death has been reported in one patient receiving prochlorperazine for some time, but the author points out that asphyxial death in chronically-ill patients was also observed in the pre-drug era (39). Occasionally endocrinological abnormalities, such as increased lactation, have been noted in subjects receiving prochlorperazine (68).…”

Section: Side Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%