Drug Resistance in Nematodes

Prichard, Roger K.

doi:10.1007/978-1-4684-1233-8_17

Cited by 38 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 76 publications

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“…The worldwide increase in resistance of gastrointestinal trichostrongylids of small domestic ruminants against conventional anthelmintics (Waller, 1985) and the resulting economical damage show the urgent need for alternative methods for reducing the worm burden in the animals and the number of infective larvae. In addition, the worldwide growth of organic agriculture, in which the use of synthetic products is strongly restricted, needs alternatives for helminth control.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The potential for new drugs development and discovery depends on documentation and screenings of traditionally used medicinal plants. These naturally produced drugs therefore offer alternatives that can help overcome the problems of Western drugs and are both sustainable and environmentally sound (Dawo et al, 2001;Alawa et al, 2003;Biffa et al, 2004;Waller and Prichard, 1985).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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In vivo and in vitro antihelmintic activity of gemmotherapeutically treated Azadirachta indica (neem) against gastrointestinal nematodes of sheep and earthworms

Dogar¹,

Aslam²,

Khalil-ur-Rahman³

et al. 2012

Afr. J. Pharm. Pharmacol.

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In vivo and in vitro crude powder (CPE), native (NNE) and gemotherapeutic (GNE) extracts ofAzadirachta indica (neem) were studied to rationalize its traditional use. Live Haemonchus contortus and earthworms were used to access the in vitro and anthelmintic effect of crude extracts (NNE and GNE) of neem. The in vitro inhibitory effect of both GNE and NNE was evident in the paralysis or mortality of H. contortus and earthworms noted at 24 h post exposure. In egg hatch assay, NNE extract demonstrated inhibitory effect on egg hatching of H. Contortus after 48 h, with 100% eggs remaining unhatched at 4.0 mg/mL; while in GNE after 48 h, again 100% eggs remained unhatched at 2.0 mg/mL. All these results were also compared with positive control velbazine. For in vivo studies, GTNE, NNE and crude powder of neem were administered in increasing doses (1.0-3.0 g/kg) to sheep naturally infected with mixed species of gastrointestinal nematodes. A maximum reduction of 73.6% EPG was recorded in sheep treated with GNE at 3.0 g followed by crude powder of neem at 3.0 g (27%) and NNE at 3.0 g (43.8%). Levamisole, a standard anthelmintic agent, showed 99.23% reduction in faecal eggs per gram (EPG) basis. The data show that GNE and NNE exhibit dose dependent anthelmintic activity both in vivo and in vitro. The results suggest that utilization of GTNE, NNE and crude powder of neem may be useful in the control of sheep gastrointestinal nematodes.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In vivo and in vitro antihelmintic activity of gemmotherapeutically treated Azadirachta indica (neem) against gastrointestinal nematodes of sheep and earthworms

Dogar¹,

Aslam²,

Khalil-ur-Rahman³

et al. 2012

Afr. J. Pharm. Pharmacol.

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“…However, problems have emerged with the use of synthetic anthelmintics, notably the development of resistance in helminths to various anthelmintic compounds and classes, as well as chemical residues and toxicity problems [4,5]. In addition, recognition of the antigenic complexity of parasites has slowed vaccine development.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In Vitro Studies on the Effect of Ethanol Extract of Syzygium Aromaticum on the Carbohydrate Metabolism of Cotylophoron Cotylophorum

Dhanraj¹,

Veerakumari²

2015

IJAVST

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Paramphistomosis is one of the major pathogenic diseases in domestic animals and responsible for heavy economic loss in terms of reduced milk, meat and wool production. Cotylophoron cotylophorum is more prevalent in Tamilnadu. In the present investigation, the effect of Syzygium aromaticum ethanol extract on the enzymes of carbohydrate metabolism viz. pyruvate kinase, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase, lactate dehydrogenase, malate dehydrogenase, fumarate reductase and succinate dehydrogenase of Cotylophoron cotylophorum was studied in vitro. The parasites were incubated in five different sub-lethal concentrations of ethanol extract of Syzygium aromaticum viz. 0.005, 0.01, 0.05, 0.1 and 0.5mg/ml for 2, 4 and 8 h. The activity of the enzymes was assayed using standard procedures. The enzyme activity was expressed in terms of protein. The data obtained were analyzed statistically. Ethanol extract of Syzygium aromaticum significantly inhibited the enzymes of carbohydrate metabolism and the percentage of inhibition was dose and time dependent. Inhibition of these enzymes leads to decreased ATP production which may be fatal to the parasites. The present study validates the anthelmintic property of ethanol extract of Syzygium aromaticum against C. cotylophorum.

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“…Furthermore, the development of resistance in helminths to various anthelmintic compounds (Waller and Prichard 1985) and chemical residue and toxicity problems (Kaemmerer and Butenkotter 1973) has worsen the condition. For these various reasons, interest in the screening of medicinal plants for their anthelmintic activity remains of great scientific interest (Akhtar et al 2000).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anthelmintic efficacy of crude neem (Azadirachta indica) leaf powder against bovine strongylosis

Jamra

Das

Singh³

et al. 2014

J Parasit Dis

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The present study was conducted to evaluate the anthelmintic efficacy of crude neem (Azadirachta indica) leaf powder against strongyle infections in cattle. Based on coproexamination, 30 cattle positive for strongyle infection with at least 250 [eggs per gram (EPG) of faeces] were selected and grouped as A, B and C (10 animals/group). Group A and B were treated respectively with fendendazole and neem leaf powder @ 5 and 500 mg/kg body weight, whereas Group C served as infected untreated control. Faecal sample from each animal of these groups was examined on day 0, 7, 14 and 28 post treatments and EPG was determined. The result showed significant decrease (p \ 0.05) in EPG in Group A and B after day 7 post treatment but there was no significant variation in terms of EPG in control group. Thus it can be concluded that crude neem leaf powder has anthelmintic property and it can further be studied to isolate the active component to produce herbal anthelminthics.

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Drug Resistance in Nematodes

Cited by 38 publications

References 76 publications

In vivo and in vitro antihelmintic activity of gemmotherapeutically treated Azadirachta indica (neem) against gastrointestinal nematodes of sheep and earthworms

In vivo and in vitro antihelmintic activity of gemmotherapeutically treated Azadirachta indica (neem) against gastrointestinal nematodes of sheep and earthworms

In Vitro Studies on the Effect of Ethanol Extract of Syzygium Aromaticum on the Carbohydrate Metabolism of Cotylophoron Cotylophorum

Anthelmintic efficacy of crude neem (Azadirachta indica) leaf powder against bovine strongylosis

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