Drug Resistance Patterns of<i>Escherichia coli</i>in Ethiopia: A Meta-Analysis

Tuem, Kald Beshir; Gebre, Abadi Kahsu; Atey, Tesfay Mehari; Bitew, Helen; Yimer, Ebrahim M; Berhe, Derbew Fikadu

doi:10.1155/2018/4536905

Cited by 44 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…67.4% of E. coli strains examined for this study were resistant to trimethoprimsulfametoxazole. This result is almost similar with 66% of compiled study finding from community settings in South Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa (Ingle et al, 2018) and higher than 57.47% of resistance rate reported from Ethiopia (Tuem et al, 2018).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

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Antimicrobial resistance profile of Escherichia coli isolates recovered from diarrheic patients at Selam Health Center, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

Negeri¹,

Seyoum²,

Ibrahim³

et al. 2019

Afr. J. Microbiol. Res.

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Antimicrobials have been playing an important role in preventing illness and death associated with infections due to bacteria. However, the emergence and spread of resistance by pathogens have decreased the effectiveness of the commonly prescribed antimicrobials. Intestinal Escherichia coli are among bacterial pathogens that are endowed with such resistance traits because they are important source and reservoir of genes that encode antimicrobial resistance. To determine the antimicrobial resistance profile of fecal isolates of E. coli from diarrheic patients. Stool samples were collected consecutively from 100 individuals who visited Selam Health Center during the study period, April to June 2018. Samples were collected and transported under sterile condition to the National Clinical Bacteriology and Mycology reference Laboratory, Ethiopian Public Health Institute. The samples were streaked on MacConkey agar and incubated overnight at 37°C. E. coli isolates were further confirmed using conventional biochemical tests. Antimicrobial susceptibility status was determined using the disk diffusion method on Mueller Hinton agar as recommended by the Clinical Laboratory Standard Institute. The raw data was compiled and entered to spreadsheet and analysis was done using SPSS Version 20 with p-value ≤0.05 considered statistically significant. Out of the 100 patients, 43 were female and the rest were male. Confirmed E. coli were isolated from 73 individuals. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing showed that E. coli isolated in this study were highly resistant to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole 49 (67.1%) and amoxicillin-clavulanic acid 47(64.4 %). No isolates showed resistance to gentamicin and tobramicin. Of all the isolates, 11(15.1%) were multidrug resistant. No association was observed between antimicrobial resistance status and sex of individuals included in this study. However, there was an association between age and resistance patterns. Resistance to commonly prescribed antibiotics among E. coli isolated in this study was high and a considerable proportions of the strains were multidrug resistant. This is an indication for an alarming rate of resistance of intestinal E. coli to first line antimicrobials. To reduce the problem, regular monitoring and education for the community are very important.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

“…In Ethiopia, a number of hospital based studies have been conducted on the profile of antimicrobial resistant E. coli isolated from different clinical specimens (Tuem et al, 2018). However, studies from primary healthcare settings are limited.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antimicrobial resistance profile of Escherichia coli isolates recovered from diarrheic patients at Selam Health Center, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

Negeri¹,

Seyoum²,

Ibrahim³

et al. 2019

Afr. J. Microbiol. Res.

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“…First, our results revealed that the main carbapenem resistance mechanism of the CR-EC isolates collected in our hospital could be attributed to the productions of carbapenemases and ESBL/AmpC enzymes combined with porin deficiencies. Notably, while NDM-1 subtype was reported to be the most prevalent from previous studies in China (Tuem et al, 2018;Markovska et al, 2019), NDM-5 was observed to be prevalent among the CR-EC isolates. Most importantly, our study revealed that the most prevalent epidemic incompatibility type of the bla NDM−5 -carrying plasmids in our region is IncF (such as IncFIA, IncFIB, and IncFII), which was substantially different from those reported by the other NDM-5 studies (IncA/C and IncX3-type) (Huang et al, 2016;Li et al, 2018), indicating that a new molecular epidemiological CR-EC will be prevalent in China.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 68%

Emergence of NDM-5-Producing Escherichia coli in a Teaching Hospital in Chongqing, China: IncF-Type Plasmids May Contribute to the Prevalence of blaNDM–5

et al. 2020

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The newly emerging NDM-5 confers increased antibiotic resistance and attracts extensive global attention, but the prevalence, dissemination mechanism, and clinical significance of NDM-5 among clinical Escherichia coli (E. coli) infections have not been thoroughly characterized to date. In the present study, 109 unique carbapenemresistant E. coli (CR-EC) isolates were collected in Southwest China, from 2013 to 2017, among which 41 (37.61%) CR-EC isolates were identified as NDM-5-producers, with most isolates carrying the IncF-type plasmids. Molecular epidemiological studies revealed ST167 being the most common sequence type (ST). Moreover, we described the first report of a clinical CR-EC isolate co-harboring bla KPC−2 and bla NDM−5 , which showed a higher level of resistance to carbapenems. In addition, bla NDM−5 plasmid transformation and conjugation indicated that bla NDM−5 itself did confer resistance to carbapenems. Complete sequencing of the bla NDM−5-harboring IncF plasmid revealed highly conserved regions (ble MBL-trpF-tat) and some transposons around bla NDM−5. Our findings revealed a new potential threat of NDM-5-postive CR-EC in mainland China and emphasized an urgent need to control their further spread.

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“…Presently, approximately 60,000 people in Europe and United States die each year due to serious infections caused by antimicrobial resistant bacteria (7). The problem is also high in Ethiopia as indicated by few studies (8)(9)(10)(11).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Antibacterial and Acute Oral Toxicity of Impatiens Tinctoria A. Rich Root

Degu

Abebe

Gemeda

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background: Infections due to a variety of bacterial etiologic agents become common and are taking the big share of morbidity and mortality. On the other way, development of antibacterial drug resistance has been commonly reported from all over the world. As a solution of stated problems scientific studies have to be conducted on the traditional medicinal plants to develop new, effective and safe antimicrobial drugs since plants are important sources. Traditionally, the study plant (I. tinctoria A. Rich) used to treat fungal infections like ring worms that cause tinea pedis and it has also different medicinal values .These were some of the provoking information to undertake the evaluation of antibacterial activities with its oral acute toxicity study. Objectives: To evaluate the antibacterial activities and acute oral toxicity of aqueous, ethanol and ethyl acetate root extracts of Impatiens tinctoria A. Rich.Methods: The roots of Impatiens tinctoria A. Rich were extracted using solvents of water, ethanol and ethyl acetate. Agar well diffusion for preliminary antibacterial screening and agar dilution methods for determination of minimal inhibitory concentration were used. The minimum bactericidal concentration of the extracts was determined. by taking inoculums from all concentrations of the plant extract plates exhibiting invisible growth (from inhibition zone of minimal inhibitory concentration plates) and subcultures onto appropriate media plate. Finally, the plant extracts were subjected to oral acute toxicity study according to the organization of economic co-operation and development test Guidelines 420. Result: Gram positive bacteria were more susceptible to the extracts compared to gram negative bacteria especially against S. aureus and S. epidermis which are commonly found in the skin even though the traditional application is to control fungal infections and to toughen the skin. Ethyl acetate extract was more potent than ethanol and aqueous extracts. The LD50 was above 9600 mg/kg.Conclusion: This study provides scientific basis as the root of I.tinctoria A.Rich had a promising antibacterial activity in extract dependent manner in which ethyl acetate extract showed better potency. Therefore, the antibacterial potential and practically non toxicness of the study plant could take the attention of scientific communities for the development of new, effective and safe antimicrobial drugs by further studying the plant in different directions.

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Drug Resistance Patterns ofEscherichia coliin Ethiopia: A Meta-Analysis

Cited by 44 publications

References 57 publications

Antimicrobial resistance profile of Escherichia coli isolates recovered from diarrheic patients at Selam Health Center, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

Antimicrobial resistance profile of Escherichia coli isolates recovered from diarrheic patients at Selam Health Center, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

Emergence of NDM-5-Producing Escherichia coli in a Teaching Hospital in Chongqing, China: IncF-Type Plasmids May Contribute to the Prevalence of blaNDM–5

Evaluation of Antibacterial and Acute Oral Toxicity of Impatiens Tinctoria A. Rich Root

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