Drug resistant parasites and fungi from a one-health perspective: A global concern that needs transdisciplinary stewardship programs

Abstract

Antimicrobials including antibiotics, antiparasitic, and antifungals, are subjected to resistance. In this context, Public Health Organizations called for a One Health approach because antimicrobials used to treat different infectious diseases in animals and plants may be the same than those used in humans. Whereas mechanisms of resistance transmission from animals or environment to humans should be considered differently if related to prokaryotic or eukaryotic pathogens, their impact can be considered as a whole. In that respect, we discussed the use of anti-parasitic in animals including anticoccidials, anthelmintics, and insecticides-acaricides, and the use of azoles in the environment that may both favor the development of drug resistance in humans. In light of the current situation, there is an urgent need for a transdisciplinary approach through anti-parasitic and antifungal stewardship programs in humans, animals, and environment, especially in the era of COVID-19 pandemic that will probably aggravate antimicrobial resistance.

An Insight into All Tested Small Molecules against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. Albedinis: A Comparative Review

“…Compared with literary works, we found that the pyrazole skeleton and its derivatives exhibited excellent inhibitory activity against Fusarium oxysporum [66]. Using the agar diffusion process, we determined the in vitro antifungal ability of 11 compounds (7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17) against the pathogenic fungus (F.o.a). The synthetic route of the target compounds (7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17) was carried out following Claisen condensation under mild conditions [24,26,[67][68][69][70][71][72][73][74].…”

“…Using the agar diffusion process, we determined the in vitro antifungal ability of 11 compounds (7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17) against the pathogenic fungus (F.o.a). The synthetic route of the target compounds (7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17) was carried out following Claisen condensation under mild conditions [24,26,[67][68][69][70][71][72][73][74]. Using the protocol described in the literature [27], the percentages of inhibition and semi-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC 50 ) were measured and estimated using the inhibition percentage non-linear regression equation, while benomyl was used as a positive control (Table 2).…”

“…Fungal infection causes significant implications, threatening date palms with high morbidity and mortality every year worldwide. Therefore, new antifungal inhibitors must be discovered urgently, especially those with new modes of action, low toxicity, and bioavailability, and are effective for responsive and drug-resistant fungi [10][11][12][13][14][15]. Due to their biological activity and chemical properties in recent years, fused heterocyclic compounds containing bridgehead nitrogen or oxygen donor atoms have drawn further interest.…”

Traditional medicinal plants in the treatment of gastrointestinal parasites in humans: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of clinical and experimental evidence

“…These GI parasitic infections continue to have a substantial socioeconomic impact, despite strong public health programmes, improved sanitation and mass drug administration (Webster et al, 2014). The most serious barrier to controlling many of these parasite species is partial or complete resistance in parasites to currently available synthetic drugs (Albonico et al, 2004; Picot et al, 2022). Moreover, drugs used to control parasites are usually expensive and unaffordable to low‐income populations where infectious diseases are common (Nixon et al, 2020).…”

Route to resilience: long term effects of incubation temperature and early feeding in broilers

“…Consequently, antimicrobial and anticoccidial resistance now occurs frequently in poultry production all over the world (Peek and Landman, 2011;Ojimelukwe et al, 2018;Zhang et al, 2019;Veldman et al, 2021). Drugresistant pathogens are a threat to poultry health as well as human health, because resistant bacteria that are found in poultry can be transferred to humans and can cause infections that are difficult or impossible to treat (reviewed by Picot et al, 2021). The World Health Organization stated that antimicrobial resistance is currently one of the most urgent public health threats.…”