Drug Screening and Criminal Prosecution of Pregnant Women

Foley, Elizabeth M.

doi:10.1111/j.1552-6909.2002.tb00032.x

Cited by 7 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…The issue of informed consent for maternal and infant drug testing has been raised both in the courts and in many institutions. 5,12 We applied our screening protocol to all patients, informed all patients of their positive screens, and explained the need for drug testing of both themselves and their infants. We believe our approach is reasonable since we test to guide referral of mothers for SUD treatment, for clinical decisions for infants at risk of withdrawal and to guide breastfeeding recommendations.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A solitary drug test documents current use but does not document presence of SUD and all drug testing should include informed consent. 5,12 Still, both maternal and infant drug tests are commonly completed to evaluate positive drug screenings and to document current use at the time of delivery. Drug tests may also be needed to satisfy legal considerations such as requirements for adoptions or when a referral to Child Protective Services (CPS) is made for any reason.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Prediction Model for Positive Infant Meconium and Urine Drug Tests

et al. 2020

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Objective This study aimed to determine the factors associated with positive infant drug screen and create a shortened screen and a prediction model. Study Design This is a retrospective cohort study of all infants who were tested for drugs of abuse from May 2012 through May 2014. The primary outcome was positive infant urine or meconium drug test. Multivariable logistic regression was used to identify independent risk factors. A combined screen was created, and test characteristics were analyzed. Results Among the 3,861 live births, a total of 804 infants underwent drug tests. Variables associated with having a positive infant test were (1) positive maternal urine test, (2) substance use during pregnancy, (3) ≤ one prenatal visit, and (4) remote substance abuse; each p-value was less than 0.0001. A model with an indicator for having at least one of these four predictors had a sensitivity of 94% and a specificity of 69%. Application of this screen to our population would have decreased drug testing by 57%. No infants had a positive urine drug test when their mother's urine drug test was negative. Conclusion This simplified screen can guide clinical decision making for determining which infants should undergo drug testing. Infant urine drug tests may not be needed when a maternal drug test result is negative. Key Points

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%