Drug Use Among Adolescents and Young Adults with Unsuppressed HIV Who Use Alcohol: Identifying Patterns of Comorbid Drug Use and Associations with Mental Health

Starks, Tyrel J.; MacDonell, Karen; Pennar, Amy L.; Dinaj-Koci, Veronica; Millar, Brett M.; Naar, Sylvie

doi:10.1007/s10461-020-02848-8

Cited by 16 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…• DASS-21 has 21 items, rated on a four-point Likert scale ranging from 0 to 3. Severity of depression subscale was categorized into normal (0-9), mild (10)(11)(12), moderate (13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20), severe (21)(22)(23)(24)(25)(26)(27), and extremely severe (28)(29)(30)(31)(32)(33)(34)(35)(36)(37)(38)(39)(40)(41)(42); for severity of anxiety, normal (0-6), mild (7-9), moderate (10)(11)(12)(13)(14), severe (15)(16)(17)(18)(19), and extremely severe ; for stress subscale, normal (0-10), mild (11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)…”

Section: Description Of Included Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The presence of mental health conditions among PLHIV is associated with poor quality of life [ 12 ], additional comorbidities [ 13 ], societal stigma [ 14 ] and unemployment [ 15 ]. Mental illness among PLHIV is also associated with polysubstance use, being admitted for in‐patient care and having recurrent visits to the emergency department [ 11 , 16 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Prevalence of mental health conditions among people living with HIV during the COVID‐19 pandemic: A rapid systematic review and meta‐analysis

et al. 2022

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Background The COVID‐19 pandemic has generated many mental health problems worldwide. People living with HIV (henceforth known as PLHIV) bear a higher mental health burden in comparison with the general population. Therefore, their risk of mental health problems may be elevated during the pandemic. Methods We conducted a systematic review and meta‐analysis to assess the prevalence of depression, anxiety, psychological stress, insomnia and loneliness among PLHIV during the COVID‐19 pandemic. Observational studies in four databases published from 1 January 2020 to 30 April 2021 investigating the prevalence of mental health conditions during the COVID‐19 pandemic were searched, and 197 articles were retrieved. After the processes of duplication removal, eligibility screening and full‐text assessment, 10 articles were included in the systematic review and six articles for meta‐analyses. A random‐effects model was applied to derive the pooled prevalence of mental health conditions. The risk of bias was assessed using the STROBE checklist. Results Overall, the pooled prevalence rates of (moderate‐to‐severe) depression and anxiety among PLHIV were 16.9% [95% confidence interval (CI): 3.8%–30.0%] and 23.0% (95% CI: 12.0%–34.0%), respectively. Conclusions More research is needed to investigate the mechanism by which the pandemic affects the mental health of PLHIV. Support and programmes are needed to ameliorate the mental health problems in this marginalized population.

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Section: Description Of Included Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of mental health conditions among people living with HIV during the COVID‐19 pandemic: A rapid systematic review and meta‐analysis

et al. 2022

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“…Additionally, current drug use has been identified as a predictor of HIV medication adherence in meta-analysis such that individuals who report current drug use are more likely to have lapses in healthcare and less likely to be adherent to ART regimens (12,13,36,37). Studies have found associations between marijuana use, other illicit drug use and polysubstance use with ART nonadherence among adolescent samples while also documenting higher substance use among young MSM compared to men who have sex with women (33)(34)(35)46). In meta-analysis of research globally, substance use was the most commonly cited predictor of retention in care for studies based in developed countries (47).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Substance Use Predicts Sustained Viral Suppression in a Community Cohort of Sexual and Gender Minority Youth Living with HIV

et al. 2021

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Retention in care and sustained viral suppression are integral outcomes in the care continuum for people living with HIV (PLWH) and HIV prevention; however, less is known about how substance use predicts sustained viral suppression over time. This study seeks to examine the predictive effects of substance use on sustained viral suppression in a sample of cisgender sexual minority men and gender minority PLWH (n=163) drawn from a longitudinal sample in the Chicago area collected 2015-2019. Using data from 3 visits separated by 6 months, participants were coded persistently detectable, inconsistently virally suppressed, and consistently virally suppressed (<40 copies/mL at all visits). Multinomial logistic regressions were utilized. About 40% of participants had sustained viral suppression. In multinomial logistic regressions, CUDIT-R predicted persistent detectable status and stimulant use was associated with inconsistent viral suppression. Substance use may create challenges in achieving sustained viral suppression, which has important implications for care and prevention.

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“…Substance use is also common among young people living with HIV (YLWH). Cohort studies mainly conducted in high-income settings [7][8][9][10] report estimates of substance use in YLWH (mostly alcohol and marijuana) ranging between 13 and 87%. In SSA, research of substance use among YLWH is limited.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alcohol and illicit drug use among young people living with HIV compared to their uninfected peers from the Kenyan coast: prevalence and risk indicators

Nyongesa

Mwangi

Kinuthia

et al. 2021

Subst Abuse Treat Prev Policy

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Background In sub-Saharan Africa, there is paucity of research on substance use patterns among young people living with HIV (YLWH). To address the gap, we sought to: i) determine the prevalence of substance use, specifically alcohol and illicit drug use, among YLWH compared to their HIV-uninfected peers; ii) investigate the independent association between young people’s HIV infection status and substance use; iii) investigate the risk indicators for substance use among these young people. Methods Between November 2018 and September 2019, a cross-sectional study was conducted at the Kenyan coast recruiting 819 young people aged 18–24 years (407 HIV-positive). Alcohol and drug use disorders identification tests (AUDIT and DUDIT) were administered via audio computer-assisted self-interview alongside other measures. Logistic regression was used to determine substance use risk indicators. Results The point prevalence of current substance use was significantly lower among YLWH than HIV-uninfected youths: current alcohol use, 13% vs. 24%, p < 0.01; current illicit drug use, 7% vs. 15%, p < 0.01; current alcohol and illicit drug use comorbidity, 4 vs. 11%, p < 0.01. Past-year prevalence estimates for hazardous substance use were generally low among young people in this setting (< 10%) with no significant group differences observed. Being HIV-positive independently predicted lower odds of current substance use, but not hazardous substance use. There was overlap of some risk indicators for current substance use between young people with and without HIV including male sex, khat use and an experience of multiple negative life events, but risk indicators unique to either group were also identified. Among YLWH, none of the HIV-related factors was significantly associated with current substance use. Conclusions At the Kenyan coast, substance use is a reality among young people. The frequency of use generally appears to be low among YLWH compared to the HIV-uninfected peers. Substance use prevention initiatives targeting young people, regardless of HIV infection status, are warranted in this setting to avert their potential risk for developing substance use disorders, including dependence. The multifaceted intrapersonal and interpersonal factors that place young people at risk of substance use need to be addressed as part of the substance use awareness and prevention initiatives.

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Drug Use Among Adolescents and Young Adults with Unsuppressed HIV Who Use Alcohol: Identifying Patterns of Comorbid Drug Use and Associations with Mental Health

Cited by 16 publications

References 44 publications

Prevalence of mental health conditions among people living with HIV during the COVID‐19 pandemic: A rapid systematic review and meta‐analysis

Prevalence of mental health conditions among people living with HIV during the COVID‐19 pandemic: A rapid systematic review and meta‐analysis

Substance Use Predicts Sustained Viral Suppression in a Community Cohort of Sexual and Gender Minority Youth Living with HIV

Alcohol and illicit drug use among young people living with HIV compared to their uninfected peers from the Kenyan coast: prevalence and risk indicators

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