DRUGS IMPORTATION AND THE BIFURCATION OF RISK: Capitalization, Cut Outs and Organized Crime

Dorn, Nicholas; Oette, Lutz; White, Simone

doi:10.1093/bjc/38.4.537

Cited by 50 publications

(21 citation statements)

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“…Of these, two experts gave details of three specific cases, which offer an insight into the fluidity in levels and profits of cocaine operations: Our data shows vast differences in terms of profit margins at retail level and a suggested drop in purity could be the result of criminal entrepreneurs who operate at street level further adulterating their products to increase profits. Previous research also suggests that mark-up can depend on risk (Dorn et al, 1998;Matrix Knowledge Group, 2007 Yet, this risk-driven mark-up can have a knock-on effect in terms of purity and/or price along the supply chain to customers (Dorn et al, 1998 Moreover, at wholesale and middle-level in the UK, prices and profits can vary depending on the size of the local markets and the availability of cocaine. One entrepreneur based in the North East of England was buying in Manchester in 'ounce deals' cheaper than another entrepreneur based in the same city who bought from a local dealer.…”

Section: Page 11 Of 18mentioning

confidence: 99%

“Coke on Tick”: exploring the cocaine market in the UK through the lens of financial management

Hall

Antonopoulos

2017

JFC

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Purpose This paper aims to offer detailed preliminary data and analysis that focuses specifically on the structures and financial aspects of the UK cocaine market. Design/methodology/approach This paper is based on in-depth interviews with – among others – four active criminal entrepreneurs involved in powder cocaine supply in the UK. Furthermore, along with a review of relevant literature and open sources, in-depth interviews were undertaken with a range of experts with knowledge of the cocaine market. These experts include law enforcement agents and independent academics/researchers who have researched the cocaine market in the UK and internationally. Findings The cocaine market is a fragmented business dependent on networks of individual entrepreneurs and groups. At the core of collaborations often lie family, ethnic or kinship relationships and relationships forged within legal businesses and in prison. Capital investment practices in this market are flexible, “messy” and mutating, and money comes from a range of different sources. Credit is an integral feature of the cocaine business in the UK. The financial management of the cocaine trade is a result of (and reflects) a number of factors, such as the fragmented and decentralised nature of the trade. Originality/value Empirical research into financial aspects of organised crime manifestations is important for the assumptions that are part of public debate to be tested. In addition, understanding the broader range of financial aspects of organised crime is an important component of the process of crimes for gain and can contribute to both better investigation and better prevention.

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Section: Page 11 Of 18mentioning

confidence: 99%

“Coke on Tick”: exploring the cocaine market in the UK through the lens of financial management

Hall

Antonopoulos

2017

JFC

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“…Statistics relating to all drug offences have shown that drug smuggling is concentrated in the county of Skåne (Svensson 2004, Dolmén 2004). The analysis indicates that it is equally important for drug offenders in Stockholm to have contacts in the Skåne region and in the Gothenburg area.…”

Section: The Drug Road: From Skåne To Stockholmmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The three groups examined in the current study included an average of 5.5% of female suspects. This figure can be compared with the proportion of females registered among all those suspected of any offence in 2003, which lay at almost 20% (Dolmén 2004).…”

Section: The Drug Road: From Skåne To Stockholmmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The networks of drug offenders

Heber¹

2008

Trends Organ Crim

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The serious drug and drug smuggling offenders active in Stockholm are linked by means of co-offending to other persons in large criminal networks. Within these networks, the individuals have large numbers of superficial and transient contacts with one another. It appears to be particularly important to have contacts with other drug offenders throughout Sweden, and particularly in the Skåne region. The majority of the convicted drug offenders have a Nordic background. The study indicates that dealers in the Stockholm area know drug smugglers in Sweden's metropolitan areas. In their turn, the drug smugglers in the metropolitan areas have contacts with persons involved in the smuggling of other goods primarily in the county of Skåne. A large proportion of the persons included in the data set were suspected of committing drug offences and appear to be focused to some extent on drug offending and on offences involving one or two illicit substances. They also engage in other types of criminal activity to a large extent, however, and are thus not exclusively specialised in drug offending. Persons involved in serious drug crime, including drug smuggling, are often males in their thirties. These individuals often choose other males as co-offenders. It is generally common to commit drug offences together with co-offenders and the most criminally active individuals are also those with the largest numbers of co-offenders. The co-offending partnerships that commit drug offences are not particularly durable over time, however, and it is unusual for drug offenders to restrict themselves to committing offences with one and the same co-offender.

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“…According to Zinn ([49] p. 4) there are at least three different, although connected ways for the use of the term 'risk': (i) a defensive state of mind in which risk may refer to unwanted events, the word being used, with some interchangeability, alongside terms such as hazard, loss, damage or threat (although there may be significant distinctions between such categories, or between specialists' preference for use of some terms and dislike of others); (ii) a calculative frame of mind in which risk may indicate a concern with both costs and benefits and the balance between them, and (iii) a positive frame of mind in which the idea of risk appetite is represented, which refers to a willingness to take extreme risks in order to maximise returns (some criminals have greater risk appetite than others, and police also may differ in this respect (see e.g. [14]). From a crime-control perspective, type (i) risks, forms of risk that are to be avoided, in particular the risk of criminal victimisation, are of special interest.…”

Section: Risk Calculation: Assessing Routine Risks As a Technocratic mentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk calculation and precautionary uncertainty: two configurations within crime assessment

Klima¹,

Dorn²,

Beken³

2010

Crime Law Soc Change

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DRUGS IMPORTATION AND THE BIFURCATION OF RISK: Capitalization, Cut Outs and Organized Crime

Cited by 50 publications

References 0 publications

“Coke on Tick”: exploring the cocaine market in the UK through the lens of financial management

“Coke on Tick”: exploring the cocaine market in the UK through the lens of financial management

The networks of drug offenders

Risk calculation and precautionary uncertainty: two configurations within crime assessment

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