Dry Autoclaving for the Nanofabrication of Sulfides, Selenides, Borides, Phosphides, Nitrides, Carbides, and Oxides

Abstract

This review compiles various nanostructures fabricated by a distinct "dry autoclaving" approach, where the chemical reactions are carried out without solvents; above the dissociation temperature of the chemical precursor(s) at elevated temperature in a closed reactor. The diversity to fabricate carbides (SiC, Mo(2) C, WC), oxides (VOx-C, ZnO, Eu(2) O(3) , Fe(3) O(4) , MoO(2) ), hexaborides (LaB(6) , CeB(6) , NdB(6) , SmB(6) , EuB(6) , GdB(6) ), nitrides (TiN, NbN, TaN), phosphides (PtP(2) , WP), sulfides (ZnS, FeS/C, SnS/C, WS(2) , WS(2) /C), and selenides (Zn(1-x) Mn(x) Se/C, Cd(1-x) Mn(x) Se/C), with various shapes and sizes is accounted with plausible applications. This unique single-step, solvent-free synthetic process opens up a new route in the growing nanomaterials science; owing to its considerable advantages on the existing approaches.

Additive-assisted synthesis of boride, carbide, and nitride micro/nanocrystals

“…The average sizes of TiB 2 , LaB 6 , CeB 6 and EuB 6 nanoparticles are 100 nm, 1 mm, 300 nm and 200 nm respectively. It should be pointed out that the as-prepared MB 6 nanoparticles exhibit regular crystal facets to form a cuboid shape, well consistent with their cubic crystal structure [2,26,36]. Similarly, other borides (ZrB 2 , NbB 2 , PrB 6 , SmB 6 ) have been synthesized by the same method.…”

“…Borides, carbides, and nitrides have received increasing attention due to their outstanding optical, electrical, thermal and mechanical properties [1][2][3][4]. These unique properties enable them to be used in many fields, such as abrasion-resistant coatings (TiN, TiC) [5], superconducting films (MgB 2 , NbB 2 ) [6], semiconductors (SiC) [7], light-and field-emitting devices (AlN, LaB 6 ) [8,9], catalysts (WC,VN) [10,11], lubricants (BN) [12][13][14], and high-temperature refractory ceramics (MgSiN 2 ) [15].…”

Nanoscale origin and evolution of kinetically induced defects in carbon spheres

“…CS, cobalt-encapsulated carbon nanotubes, metallic core-carbon shell, sausage like carbon bodies, and egg-like CS etc.) in nano-to-micro dimensions [22,24,[26][27][28][29][30]. These CS are expected to possess interesting electronic, optical, and other physical properties.…”

“…Recently, we introduced a unique route to synthesize carbon nanomaterials using controlled thermal pyrolysis, in which one or more precursors such as polyethylene wastes (PE) are decomposed at elevated temperatures via a series of self-generated pressure reactions [21][22][23][24]. In this technique, precursors such as PE are heated to high temperatures to attain "supercritical phases" which are allowed to interact in a closed system [21,25].…”

“…In this technique, precursors such as PE are heated to high temperatures to attain "supercritical phases" which are allowed to interact in a closed system [21,25]. The M A N U S C R I P T A C C E P T E D ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT thermodynamic and kinetic stabilities of the resultant product phases during the nucleation and growth processes yield new carbon materials (e.g.…”