Dry Cow Diet, Management, and Energy Balance as Risk Factors for Displaced Abomasum in High Producing Dairy Herds

Cameron, R.; Dyk, P.B.; Herdt, Thomas H.; Kaneene, John B.; Miller, R O; Bucholtz, H.F.; Liesman, J.S.; VandeHaar, M.J.; Emery, R.S.

doi:10.3168/jds.s0022-0302(98)75560-2

Cited by 199 publications

(159 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…High NEFA concentrations during the last 4 weeks of gestation are indicative of a NEB and are positively associated with increased incidence of several postpartum diseases such as ketosis, hepatic lipidosis, metritis, retained placentas, and displaced abomasums. 6,11,13,20 Desirable plasma NEFA concentrations 2-4 weeks before parturition are less than 0.325 mEq/liter. 13 Values should be below 0.40 mEq/liter, 4-14 days before parturition.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…6,11,13,20 Increased energy demand during late gestation and early lactation, combined with a decline in dry matter intake before parturition, make dairy cows uniquely susceptible to negative energy balance (NEB). Plasma NEFA concentrations can be used as a measure of adequate energy intake, with increased concentrations associated with a NEB.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several studies have shown a positive association between increased plasma NEFA concentrations during the last 2-3 weeks of gestation and the occurrence of postpartum diseases such as ketosis, fatty liver, displaced abomasums, retained placentas, and metritis. 6,11,13,20 Feeding strategies designed to increase energy intake during this period are desirable for optimal postpartum health and performance. Thus, monitoring of plasma NEFA is a useful tool for dry cow management.…”

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Detection of Nonesterified (Free) Fatty Acids in Bovine Serum: Comparative Evaluation of Two Methods

2004

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Abstract. A method comparison study for the determination and quantitation of nonesterified fatty acids (NEFAs) in serum, using the commercial ''NEFA C'' enzymatic test kit, was performed using the spectrophotometric method recommended by the manufacturer and a modified procedure optimized for the use of a microplate reader, a 96-well microtiter plate, and small sample volumes (10 l). Linearity, sensitivity, and precision using the test kit were determined for each method of detection. The assay was linear from 0 to 1.97 mEq/liter for both procedures, and the limits of detection were determined to be 0.22 (Ϯ0.074) and 0.05 (Ϯ0.002) mEq/liter for the spectrophotometer and microplate reader, respectively. Pairs of measurements for bovine serum samples were compared and evaluated by a mean difference plot method and not regression analysis, a method that has been shown to be inappropriate for method comparison studies. The difference plot was used to evaluate the systematic bias between the 2 methods. Random error is reported on the basis of SD differences, and ''limits of agreement'' are used to describe the maximum differences likely to occur between the 2 methods. Results suggest that the microplate reader method can be used reliably in place of the recommended spectrophotometric method. The microplate reader method is preferred because of its high throughput capabilities, simultaneous analysis of all the standards and samples, use of small sample and reagent volumes, and reduction in labor requirements and costs.The measurement of nonesterified fatty acids (NEFAs) in dairy cows can be used to assess dry cow nutritional management and, in conjunction with cholesterol determination, serves as an indictor of postpartum disease risk. 6,11,13,20 Increased energy demand during late gestation and early lactation, combined with a decline in dry matter intake before parturition, make dairy cows uniquely susceptible to negative energy balance (NEB). Plasma NEFA concentrations can be used as a measure of adequate energy intake, with increased concentrations associated with a NEB. Several studies have shown a positive association between increased plasma NEFA concentrations during the last 2-3 weeks of gestation and the occurrence of postpartum diseases such as ketosis, fatty liver, displaced abomasums, retained placentas, and metritis. 6,11,13,20 Feeding strategies designed to increase energy intake during this period are desirable for optimal postpartum health and performance. Thus, monitoring of plasma NEFA is a useful tool for dry cow management.A large number of methods for detection and isolation of NEFA have been previously reported. These include thin-layer, 12 gas-liquid, 37 and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) 23,29,36,38,40 applied to

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Section: Discussionmentioning

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Detection of Nonesterified (Free) Fatty Acids in Bovine Serum: Comparative Evaluation of Two Methods

2004

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“…Among these are changes in the concentration of non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) in blood [18] and the hepatic triacylglycerol (TAG) concentration obtained by liver biopsy [55]. Such techniques are very objective and can detect more subtle and actual differences between cows.…”

Section: Negative Energy Balance and Adaptation: Definition Quantifimentioning

confidence: 99%

Metabolic changes in early lactation and impaired reproductive performance in dairy cows

Jorritsma

Wensing

Kruip³

et al. 2003

Vet. Res.

204

163

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-This review addresses the suggestion that the decline in dairy reproductive performance, as increasingly observed these days, may be due to a hampered process of metabolic adaptation in early lactating cows. In our opinion, adaptation to the negative energy balance is a gradual process. Because almost all cows do adapt in the long run, it is not possible to classify animals as adapted or non-adapted. The use of risk factors is more appropriate in this case and is discussed in this review. Among them are the body condition score and its derivatives, feed intake, the calculated negative energy balance, and metabolic parameters like the plasma concentration of insulin or the triacylglycerol content in the liver. Moreover, factors that play a role in the link between declined reproductive performance and the metabolic situation of the cow during the early lactating period are discussed. Among these are insulin, insulin-like growth factors, leptin, neuropeptide Y, nonesterified fatty acids, thyroïd hormones, urea, and ammonia. fertility / dairy / periparturient metabolic adaptation / physiopathology / periparturition

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“…In the case of metabolic disturbances, the risk of further production diseases (e.g. displaced abomasum, metritis, and mastitis) is considerably increased (Cameron et al, 1998;Duffield, 2000).…”

Section: Intraday Variation Of Metabolic Key Indicators In Serum Of Dmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intraday variation of metabolic key indicators in serum of dairy cows between week 2 antepartum and week 12 postpartum

Wiedemann¹,

Horstmann²,

Marion³

et al. 2013

CZECH J ANIM SCI

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ABSTRACT:Metabolic diseases during early lactation in dairy cows can be routinely diagnosed assessing key indicators in blood. The objectives of the present study were to characterize the impact of interindividual along with intraday variation on specific metabolites and to investigate the effect of the sampling time point relative to calving. Serum samples of four high-yielding, clinically healthy, multiparous dairy cows (body weight 589 ± 27 kg) were obtained in 3-h intervals during 24-h intervals throughout the transition period and early lactation (week -2 antepartum (ap), weeks 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, and 12 postpartum (pp)). The lowest intraday variation (less than 15%) as indicated by relative coefficients of variation (CV) was found for glucose, cholesterol, and aspartate aminotransferase (AST). Intraday variation characterized by a CV between 15 and 30% was typical of urea, β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB), total bilirubin, and non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA). The highest intraday variation (CV > 30%) was assessed for insulin. Week relative to calving had significant influence on interindividual means of BHB, NEFA, insulin, and cholesterol in blood, but did not affect the interindividual variation of all parameters investigated. No significant intraday variation patterns were found. It is concluded that the considerable intraday variation of especially BHB and NEFA has to be taken into account in herd health monitoring for estimating the proportional outcome in respect to animals exceeding thresholds for specific metabolic key parameters.

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Dry Cow Diet, Management, and Energy Balance as Risk Factors for Displaced Abomasum in High Producing Dairy Herds

Cited by 199 publications

References 24 publications

Detection of Nonesterified (Free) Fatty Acids in Bovine Serum: Comparative Evaluation of Two Methods

Detection of Nonesterified (Free) Fatty Acids in Bovine Serum: Comparative Evaluation of Two Methods

Metabolic changes in early lactation and impaired reproductive performance in dairy cows

Intraday variation of metabolic key indicators in serum of dairy cows between week 2 antepartum and week 12 postpartum

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