Dry environment increases mast cell number and histamine content in dermis in hairless mice

Ashida, Yutaka; Denda, Mitsuhiro

doi:10.1046/j.1365-2133.2003.05408.x

Cited by 62 publications

(66 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…For example, it stimulates epidermal DNA synthesis and amplifies the hyperproliferative response to barrier disruption (2), increases IL-1a in epidermis (3) and increases histamine and mast cells in dermis (4). Allergic response is also enhanced by environmental dryness (5).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low environmental humidity induces synthesis and release of cortisol in an epidermal organotypic culture system

Takei

Denda

Kumamoto

et al. 2013

Experimental Dermatology

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Dry environmental conditions induce a variety of skin pathologies and a recent report indicating that cortisol synthesis in epidermis was increased during wound healing led us to hypothesize that environmental dryness might induce increased cortisol secretion in epidermis. Therefore, we incubated a skin equivalent model under dry (relative humidity: less than 10%) and humid (relative humidity: approximately 100%) conditions for 48 hours and evaluated cortisol secretion and mRNA levels of cortisol-synthesizing enzyme (steroid 11b-hydroxylase, CYP11B1) and IL-1b. Cortisol secretion was increased threefold, and CYP11B1 and IL-1b mRNAs were increased 38-fold and sixfold, respectively, in the dry condition versus the humid condition.Occlusion with a water-impermeable plastic membrane partially blocked the increases in cortisol secretion and CYP11B1 and IL-1b mRNA expression in the dry condition. Thus, environmental dryness might induce increased cortisol secretion in epidermis of diseased skin characterized by epidermal barrier dysfunction, potentially influencing mental state and systemic physiology.Abbreviations: CYP, cytochrome P450; CYP11B1, steroid 11b-hydroxylase (cortisol-synthesizing enzyme); IL-1b, interleukin 1 beta.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low environmental humidity induces synthesis and release of cortisol in an epidermal organotypic culture system

Takei

Denda

Kumamoto

et al. 2013

Experimental Dermatology

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“…Denda et al [51] and his colleagues at Shiseido [52] have also demonstrated that exposure to a dry environment directly increased epidermal interleukin 1 levels and that the increased level of this cytokine is greater on experimentally challenging the barrier. More recently, the same group has also reported increased numbers of mast cells and increased dermal but not epidermal histamine levels [53] . Others have reported increased SC nerve growth factor levels [54] and increased C fi bres in dry skin elicited by dry environments [55] .…”

Section: The Effect Of Environmental Atmospheric Conditions On Epidermentioning

confidence: 97%

Dry Skin: Environmental Aspects

Rawlings¹

2004

Exog Dermatol

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Water is absolutely essential for the normal functioning of the skin and especially the stratum corneum (SC). However, as the SC is continuously exposed to varying humidities, maintenance of water within the tissue is crucial. Under most circumstances water present within the SC will be derived from bodily water, being lost by transepidermal water loss, and is normally bound by proteins together with naturally occurring hygroscopic compounds found largely within, but also external to, the corneocytes. Small amounts of water escape through this slightly leaky barrier to hydrate the dehydrated outer layers of the SC, and this is key to maintaining SC flexibility, SC maturation and SC desquamation. The retention of water in the SC is dependent on three major mechanisms: (a) the intercellular lamellar lipids whose physical conformation, predominantly an orthorhombic gel phase, provides a tight and effective barrier to the passage of water through the tissue, (b) the presence of corneodesmosome-bound and ceramide-hydrophobed corneocytes which influence the tortuosity of the SC and thereby the diffusion path length of water and (c) the presence of both intracellular and extracellular SC natural moisturizing factors (NMF). The structure, biochemistry and function of the SC and the epidermis can however be disturbed upon environmental challenge, particularly by disruption of the SC barrier resulting in the precipitation of dry flaky skin conditions. The maintenance of barrier function and thereby SC hydration is central to the production and optimal functioning of the SC. Fluctuating atmospheric conditions (high and low dew points) influence the formation of the epidermal barrier lipids, NMF, corneocyte envelope phenotypes and the desquamatory enzymes and are thus an initiator of dry skin. At low atmospheric dew points, the reduced SC water content precipitates the dry skin phenotype. On perturbation of barrier function, a cycle of events begins initially with the superficial dehydration of the SC (leaking of extracellular lipids, disruption of lipid lamellar architecture, loss of water-soluble NMF), the release of inflammatory mediators, induction of hyperproliferation of epidermal keratinocytes resulting in disturbed epidermal differentiation leading to an inferior SC (enhanced production of sphingosine-containing ceramides relative to phytosphingosine-containing ceramides and reduced transglutaminase activity leading to retention of fragile corneocyte envelopes in the superficial layers of the SC that have reduced levels of covalently bound ceramides), together with a flaky skin condition (reduced desquamatory enzyme activities and reduced corneodesmolysis). In extreme cases when inflammation is present, increased levels of proteases are observed in the SC and reduced interleukin 1 (IL-1) levels with increased IL-1 receptor antagonist protein levels. If left untreated, these events will continuously cycle to produce an even poorer skin condition, and ultimately mechanical cracking of corneodesmosomes between the corne...

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“…On the other hand, a drastic decrease of environmental humidity induced barrier abnormality [ 95 ] , and a decrease in the water retention capacity of the stratum corneum [ 67 ] . Ashida et al demonstrated an increase of IL-1 a in the epidermis [ 4 ] and an increase of histamine and mast cells in the dermis [ 3 ] in a dry environment. Hosoi et al demonstrated that the allergic response was enhanced by low environmental humidity [ 55 ] .…”

Section: Humiditymentioning

confidence: 99%

Sensory Systems of Epidermal Keratinocytes

Denda

2012

Treatment of Dry Skin Syndrome

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Dry environment increases mast cell number and histamine content in dermis in hairless mice

Abstract: These results suggest that a low environmental humidity increases mast cell number and dermal histamine content.

Cited by 62 publications

References 38 publications

Low environmental humidity induces synthesis and release of cortisol in an epidermal organotypic culture system

Low environmental humidity induces synthesis and release of cortisol in an epidermal organotypic culture system

Dry Skin: Environmental Aspects

Sensory Systems of Epidermal Keratinocytes

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