Dry heat exposure increases hydrogen peroxide levels and breaks physiological seed coat-imposed dormancy in Mesembryanthemum crystallinum (Aizoaceae) seeds

Visscher, Anne M.; Yeo, Maggie; Barreiro, P.; Stuppy, Wolfgang; Francés, Alba Latorre; Sacco, Alice Di; Seal, Charlotte E.; Pritchard, Hugh W.

doi:10.1016/j.envexpbot.2018.07.009

Cited by 15 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Two experiments established that an average temperature of 21 • C and a slightly salty environment appear to be the most suitable germination conditions [22,43]. Ice plant seed dormancy can be terminated through exposure to dry heat treatment [44], which is confirmed by Loconsole and colleagues (2019, unpublished), who observed 21 days from sowing to transplant with seeds sown in a growth chamber at 20 • C and 40% RH using a conventional pot growing mix.…”

Section: Seed Germinationmentioning

confidence: 71%

Halophyte Common Ice Plants: A Future Solution to Arable Land Salinization

Loconsole

Murillo-Amador²,

Cristiano

et al. 2019

Sustainability

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The problems associated with the salinization of soils and water bodies and the increasing competition for scarce freshwater resources are increasing. Current attempts to adapt to these conditions through sustainable agriculture involves searching for new highly salt-tolerant crops, and wild species that have potential as saline crops are particularly suitable. The common ice plant (Mesembryanthemum crystallinum L.) is an edible halophyte member of the Aizoaceae family, which switches from C3 photosynthesis to crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM) when exposed to salinity or water stress. The aim of this review was to examine the potential of using the ice plant in both the wild and as a crop, and to describe its ecology and morphology, environmental and agronomic requirements, and physiology. The antioxidant properties and mineral composition of the ice plant are also beneficial to human health and have been extensively examined.

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Section: Seed Germinationmentioning

confidence: 71%

Halophyte Common Ice Plants: A Future Solution to Arable Land Salinization

Loconsole

Murillo-Amador²,

Cristiano

et al. 2019

Sustainability

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“…( Gutterman, 2012 ). Although the seeds within the capsule ( Gutterman, 1980 ) or within one individual ( Gutterman, 2012 ) have no morphological differences, they may have dissimilar levels of physiological dormancy ( Baskin and Baskin, 2004 ; Visscher et al., 2018 ; Visscher et al., 2022 ). On the other hand, slightly delayed germination in Mesembryanthemoideae and Ruschioideae is connected with insufficient amounts of water during the beginning of the rainy season ( Bittrich and Ihlenfeldt, 1984 ), although many of their members have thin seed coat.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolution of seed characters and of dispersal modes in Aizoaceae

Sukhorukov

Nilova²,

Kushunina³

et al. 2023

Front. Plant Sci.

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The family Aizoaceae includes ~1880 species and is one of the more diverse groups within Caryophyllales, particularly in arid areas in the western part of southern Africa. Most species are dwarf succulent-leaf shrubs. In response to the harsh climatic conditions prevalent where they occur, many representatives have evolved special reproductive adaptations. These include hygrochastic capsules (mostly found in Mesembryanthemoideae and Ruschioideae), burr-like indehiscent and one-seeded, winged diaspores, and fast germination of seeds after rain. We focused on anatomical features, evolutionary trends, and the ecological significance of various morpho-anatomical structures found in the seeds. The seeds of 132 species from 61 genera were studied, and 18 diagnostic characters were discovered. All studied characters were compared with those of other families from core Caryophyllales. The seed notch and embryo shape were added to the list of characteristics distinguishing major clades within the family. In addition, the presence of longitudinal ridges and a keel on the seed are additional characters of Aizooideae and combined Ruschioideae-Apatesieae, respectively. Puzzle-like borders of testa cells are a common trait in Ruschioideae and Mesembryanthemoideae. Most taxa in Aizoaceae have a thin seed coat, which is the ancestral state within the family. This may facilitate fast germination. We observed several shifts to a medium-thick or thick seed coat in members of Ruschioideae and Acrosanthoideae. These inhabit fire-prone environments (in vegetation types known as fynbos and renosterveld), where the thickened seed coat may protect against damage by fire. Multi-seeded fruits are the ancestral state within Aizoaceae, with several shifts to one-(two-)seeded xerochastic fruits. The latter are dispersed via autochory, zoochory, or anemochory. This trait has evolved mainly in less succulent subfamilies Acrosanthoideae, Aizooideae, and Sesuvioideae. In highly succulent subfamilies Ruschioideae and Mesembryanthemoideae, fruits are almost exclusively multi-seeded and hygrochastic with ombrohydrochoric dispersal. A reduction in the number of seeds within a dispersal unit is rare. Within Apatesieae and Ruschieae, there are also a few unusual genera whose fruits fall apart into one- to two-seeded mericarps (that are mainly dispersed by wind).

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“…For instance, due to their halophytic nature, some leafy coastal vegetables (e.g. dune spinach, soutslaai) have been found to be well adapted to drought and high-temperature stresses, with a significant tolerance to the Western Cape's saline and poor quality soils (Bartels and Sunkar 2005;Yousif et al 2010;Visscher et al 2018). In addition, the cultivation of coastal wild foods can become a tool to improve crop and soil quality and increase agricultural water use efficiency in regions experiencing scarcity of water resources (Bohnert and Cushman 2000;Hasanuzzaman et al 2014;Tembo-Phiri 2019).…”

Section: Coastal Wild Foods As a Cornerstone Of Sustainable And Healt...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Leveraging the potential of wild food for healthy, sustainable, and equitable local food systems: learning from a transformation lab in the Western Cape region

Pereira

Kushitor²,

Cramer³

et al. 2022

Sustain Sci

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Food insecurity and diet-related diseases do not only have detrimental effects to human health, but are also underpinned by food systems that are environmentally unsustainable and culturally disconnected. Ensuring access to a healthy, affordable, and sustainable diet is one of the greatest challenges facing many low- and middle-income countries such as South Africa. These challenges in accessing a diverse diet often persist despite biocultural richness. For example, South Africa is globally recognised for its rich biodiversity, an ecologically unrivalled coastline, and a rich body of traditional knowledge amongst wild-food users. In this paper, we explore the potential that coastal wild foods as neglected and underutilised species (NUS) can play in local food systems in South Africa’s Western Cape Province. Following a previously established transformation lab (T-Lab) method, here we report the observations and outcomes emerging from a two-day workshop held in May 2019 with a group of 40 actors involved in the local food system in diverse ways. Farmers, small-scale fishers, indigenous knowledge holders, representatives from non-profit organisations, chefs, bartenders, academics, activists, conservationists, and government officials were brought together with the aim of strengthening an emerging coalition of coastal wild food actors. Findings highlighted the existence of a fledgling economy for coastal wild foods, driven by high-end chefs. The T-Lab was essentially a tool of knowledge co-production around food system transformation and helped to surface deeply embedded issues on land, race, history, and culture that warrant engagement if a better food system is to emerge. In a country that is drought prone and vulnerable to climate change, a more resilient and sustainable food system is a necessity. But defining alternative governance systems to shift towards a healthier, more sustainable, and more equitable food system will require concerted effort across all stakeholders.

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Dry heat exposure increases hydrogen peroxide levels and breaks physiological seed coat-imposed dormancy in Mesembryanthemum crystallinum (Aizoaceae) seeds

Cited by 15 publications

References 34 publications

Halophyte Common Ice Plants: A Future Solution to Arable Land Salinization

Halophyte Common Ice Plants: A Future Solution to Arable Land Salinization

Evolution of seed characters and of dispersal modes in Aizoaceae

Leveraging the potential of wild food for healthy, sustainable, and equitable local food systems: learning from a transformation lab in the Western Cape region

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