Dry matter accumulation and post-silking N economy of ‘stay-green’ maize (Zea mays L.) hybrids

Kosgey, J. R.; Moot, Derrick J.; Fletcher, Andrew; McKenzie, B. A.

doi:10.1016/j.eja.2013.07.001

Cited by 65 publications

(61 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…3). This result resembles a non-functioning "stay green" (or cosmetic stay green) trait in maize crops with low HI (Kosgey et al, 2013). According to Hörtensteiner (2009), the maintenance of chlorophyll concentration could lead to a reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and cause chlorophyll-mediated photo-destruction.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Explanation of Yield Differences in Three Potato Cultivars

et al. 2016

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A gronomy J our n al • Volume 10 8 , I ssue 4 • 2 016 P otato is a staple crop worldwide, ranking fourth aft er maize (Zea mays L.), rice (Oryza sativa L.), and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). As potato consumption increases there is a need to understand the mechanisms that drive its yield. However, the origins of yield diff erences are rarely made clear in cultivar comparisons (Van Der Zaag and Doornbos, 1987) and breeding programs.Potato crop growth and tuber yields have been linked to the duration of the growth cycle, which depends on climate, cultivar, and crop management (Kooman et al., 1996a(Kooman et al., , 1996b. Th erefore, assuming optimum crop management, diff erences in tuber yield among potato cultivars can be explained by differences in accumulated intercepted radiation, the utilization coeffi cient of foliage followed by DM distribution within the plant (Van Der Zaag and Doornbos, 1987). Indeed, the amount of radiation intercepted by a crop and the RUE provide a useful basis for investigating yield variation (Monteith, 1977). From this concept, a simple model to express potato DM growth has been reported (Jamieson et al., 2004) as:where Y is the tuber yield, R o is the daily incident solar radiation received, R/R o is the daily fraction of R o which is intercepted by the canopy (R being the daily average radiation intercepted by the plant), and RUE is the overall photosynthetic effi ciency of the crop (i.e., the effi ciency of conversion of radiant to chemical potential energy). Th e HI is the fraction of the dry matter produced which is allocated to the tubers. Th e integration of these components over time (t; days) from crop emergence (em) allows the description of biomass accumulation in terms of plant development processes. Th is is a common approach used for potato yield analysis (Van Der Zaag and Doornbos, 1987;Spitters et al., 1989;Ellissèche and Hoogerndoorn, 1995) and simulation models of potato yield (Jamieson et al., 2004). Th e amount of radiation intercepted by the crops is reportedly the central component to explain ABSTRACTUnder ideal growing conditions, yield is the product of intercepted photosynthetically active radiation (PAR i ) and its conversion effi ciency to dry matter (radiation use effi ciency, RUE). For potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) the ability of the leaf to convert the PAR i into carbohydrates (source) and the storage capacity of the tubers (sink) aff ect the potential growth of individual tubers and therefore crop yield. Th is study describes these mechanisms for three commercial potato cultivars (Bondi, Fraser, and Russet Burbank) grown in non-limiting fi eld conditions. At fi nal harvest Bondi had the largest tuber yield and produced heavier but fewer tubers compared with Fraser and Russet Burbank. All crops had similar total accumulated radiation interception (R cum ), and yield diff erences were explained by the RUE which was highest for Bondi, lowest for Fraser, with Russet Burbank intermediate. Fraser had the lowest rate of canopy senescence, maintained the lowe...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Explanation of Yield Differences in Three Potato Cultivars

et al. 2016

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“…Under higher PDs and HN conditions, SLN at maturity has changed very little and is decreasing at a rate of 0.00039 g N m −2 yr −1 (Fig. Recent work with "staygreen hybrids" has questioned the value of this particular trait, as hybrids with a high staygreen rating did not increase grain yield and only served to reduce the amount of remobilized N from the leaves to the grain (Kosgey et al, 2013). Results under LN conditions indicate relatively no change in SLN content at physiological maturity when grown at 79K with an average of 0.25 g N m −2 .…”

Section: Secondary Traitsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Grain Yield and Nitrogen Accumulation in Maize Hybrids Released during 1934 to 2013 in the US Midwest

DeBruin

Schussler

et al. 2017

Crop Science

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Nitrogen (N) application in maize (Zea mays L.) reached a maximum of 145 kg N ha−1 in the US Midwest in 1975. Grain yield has continued to increase at a rate of 111 kg ha−1 yr−1, implying an improvement in N efficiency. Our objective was to measure the rate of genetic gain and the traits that contributed to the observed N efficiency for a set of DuPont Pioneer hybrids released between the era decades (ERA) of 1934 to 2013. These hybrids represent the most widely sold hybrids (by volume) in each ERA. A randomized complete block experiment in a split‐plot arrangement was conducted at Sciota, IL, and Marion, IA, during 2013 and 2014, with plant densities of 39,500 and 79,000 plants ha−1 as the whole plot, respectively, and 47 ERA hybrids as the split plot. This experiment was grown in a low‐N (56 kg N ha−1) block and in a high‐N (>200 kg N ha−1) block at each location. Grain yield increased at an average rate of 109 kg ha−1 yr−1 from 1934 to 2013. Partial factor productivity increased from 13.8 in 1934 to 55 kg grain kg applied N−1 in 2013 under high‐N conditions and 79,000 plants ha−1. Traits associated with yield improvement without increasing N application were (i) greater synchrony in floral development, (ii) reduced concentration of grain N, (iii) increased specific leaf nitrogen, (iv) increased kernel number per ear (KPE), and (v) increased kernel mass. Breeding efforts that select for increased KPE under increased plant density should increase yield, and this yield increase could partially be supported through greater postanthesis N remobilization from vegetative tissue without requiring greater N application.

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“…The conspicuous visual symptoms of leaf senescence are the loss of chlorophyll pigments, desiccation, and eventual abscission (He and Wasaki, 2005). The initiation and progression of leaf senescence can be modulated by internal factors (such as plant hormones and plant growth regulators) and various environmental factors, such as temperature or drought status, mineral supplying capacity (Masclaux et al, 2008b;Kosgey et al, 2013), soil water conditions (Széles et al, 2012;Thoiron and Briat, 1999), and soil compactions . Subsoil compaction is caused by ever increasing wheel loads in agricultural machinery for agricultural land, which is becoming a global problem.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plough Pan Impacts Maize Grain Yield, Carbon Assimilation, and Nitrogen Uptake in the Corn Belt of Northeast China

Cao

Yang

et al. 2017

Emir J Food Agric

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This study aims to investigate the responses of carbon assimilation, grain yield, leaf stay-green rate, nitrogen uptake and distribution to soil compaction in the hard plow pan caused by repeated use of tractor-driven cultivator in Northeast China. The typical hybrid maize variety “Zhengdan 958” was exposed to two treatments of simulated plow pan (SP) and simulated subsoiling (SS, control) in pot experiments from 2012 to 2014. Compared with SS, SP significantly reduced net photosynthetic rate (Pn) during growth stage, leading to a decrease in dry matter accumulation (DMA) and grain yield (GY) in three consecutive experimental years. Leaf stay-green degrees (LSD), which showed a fast descending trend from 20 days after silking (DAS), significantly decreased in the later filling stage under SP treatment. The translocation eﬃciency of the stored N (TEN) in stalk and leaf to the grain during pre-silking was enhanced, whereas leaf and grain N concentration (LNC/GNC), together with N accumulation amounts at maturity were significantly reduced under SP treatment. Also, plough pan reduced the N distribution to the organs of stalk, leaf and grain. In conclusion, subsoiling is a possible way to delay leaf senescence and achieve higher DMA and GY, and increased grain N in the corn belt of Northeast China.

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Dry matter accumulation and post-silking N economy of ‘stay-green’ maize (Zea mays L.) hybrids

Cited by 65 publications

References 29 publications

An Explanation of Yield Differences in Three Potato Cultivars

An Explanation of Yield Differences in Three Potato Cultivars

Grain Yield and Nitrogen Accumulation in Maize Hybrids Released during 1934 to 2013 in the US Midwest

Plough Pan Impacts Maize Grain Yield, Carbon Assimilation, and Nitrogen Uptake in the Corn Belt of Northeast China

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