Dry Matter and Nitrogen Accumulation as Affected by Nitrogen Fertilization and Seeding Rate in Winter Wheat

Abstract

Wheat grain yield mainly comes from the accumulation and redistribution of the material after anthesis, the objectives of this study were to assess the contribution of pre-and post-anthesis dry matter, fertilizer nitrogen (N) and soil native N assimilation to grain yield of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). [Method] Field experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of seeding rates (150, 225 and 300 seeds m −2) at three N rates (0, 150, 225 kg N ha −1) on accumulation and remobilization of dry matter and N from different sources, and grain yield from 2008 to 2010. The experiment sites were located in the Middle and Lower Yangtze River Basin in China. A 15 N micro-plot experiment was designed with the three seeding rates at rate of 150 and 225 kg N ha −1. [Results] The grain yield increased at higher N rate (225 kg N ha −1) and the optimum seeding rate (225 seeds m −2), and yield differences mainly depended on the number of spikes per unit area and were positively correlated with leaf area index. The higher N rate and seeding rate increased post-anthesis remobilisation amount of organic matter from leaves and stems and accumulation amount in grain that helped improve grain yield, but decreased remobilization efficiency and the contribution of remobilized dry matter to grain yield. Both post-anthesis N accumulation and remobilization of N from the different sources increased with increasing N rate and seeding rate. For fertilizer N, remobilization efficiency and the contribution of remobilized N to grain increased with increasing N rate and seeding rate, whereas for soil N, remobilization efficiency and contribution of N remobilization to grain N (CNRG) decreased. Fertilizer N remobilized to grain more easily than soil N, and top-dressed N remobilized to grain more easily than basal N. The correlation showed increasing remobilization of fertilizer N and post-anthesis accumulation of soil N were beneficial to improving grain yield. [Conclusion] In conclusion, for higher grain yield and nitrogen recovery, combining N fertilization at 225 kg N ha −1 with seeding rate at 225 seeds m −2 was recommended to wheat management in the Middle and Lower Yangtze River Basin.

Improving Winter Wheat Photosynthesis, Nitrogen Use Efficiency, and Yield by Optimizing Nitrogen Fertilization

“…Our results advocate the importance of balanced nitrogen nutrition for winter wheat crops. Several other studies have also documented the positive response of various crops to N nutrition in terms of growth, yield, and nitrogen fertilization (e.g., wheat, rice, maize [ 18 , 64 , 65 , 66 , 67 , 68 , 69 , 70 , 71 , 72 , 73 ]). Sustainable and optimizing crop production depends on the continuous redevelopment of soil fertility over a balance between the nitrogen supply and demand of cropping systems.…”

“…Wheat grain yield can be augmented by higher biomass and the enhanced harvest index of the wheat [ 14 ]. However, the wheat harvest index is now potentially in a plateau and extra improvement in yield will demand an increase in profitable biomass [ 15 , 16 ] Enormous biomass buildup in a photosynthetic area, ultimately leading to an increase in the grain yield potential [ 17 , 18 ]. Grain yield has generally been positively and significantly correlated with total dry biomass production and nutrient uptake in crops.…”

Delineating the relationship between planting density and agronomic performance in hybrid winter wheat for elevated yield and nitrogen utilization in the eastern Huang-Huai-Hai Region

“…Comparing different planting densities within the same variety, compared to the D1 treatment, the D2 treatment resulted in lower ag leaf SPAD values and LAC during the middle and late stages of grain lling for both varieties, but the larger population was bene cial for the accumulation of population dry matter. Compared to the D3 treatment, the D2 treatment had higher ag leaf SPAD values and LAC during the middle and late stages of grain lling, which was more suitable for the population and improved the HI, therefore, the D2 treatment was more favorable for the accumulation of dry matter and increase in yield; correlational analysis also showed that GY was signi cantly positively correlated with biomass remobilization and post-anthesis biomass, and synchronously improving biomass remobilization and post-anthesis biomass is key to achieving high yields (Shi et al, 2018;Tian et al, 2012). In summary, under the 300 plants/m 2 (D2) treatment, Jingmai 17 maintains a suitable LAC, maintains ag leaf SPAD values during the middle and late stages of grain lling, and experiences slow leaf senescence, which is appropriate for the population and bene cial for improving post-anthesis biomass and the HI, hence, this density achieves the highest yield.…”

Study on the relationships between the accumulation and translocation of dry matter and nitrogen and flower/pod development into seeds and seed yields in Chinese milk vetch

“…Crop yield is closely related to the accumulation and translocation of dry matter and nitrogen. Analysing the dynamics of the accumulation and translocation of dry matter and nitrogen during crop growth has important practical value in revealing the formation of the crop yield and the construction of high-efficiency populations [21][22][23][24]. Research [36,37] has indicated that the yield of maize is determined by the characteristics of dry matter accumulation and translocation of plants.…”

“…The crop yield level is closely related to the accumulation and translocation of dry matter and nitrogen. Analysing the dynamics in the accumulation and translocation of dry matter and nitrogen during crop growth has important practical value in revealing the formation of crop yields [21][22][23][24]. The dry matter and nitrogen accumulation and the translocation processes of Chinese milk vetch are important factors that determine its seed yield [25].…”