Dry Period to Maximize Milk Production Over Two Consecutive Lactations

Dias, F.M.; Allaire, F.R.

doi:10.3168/jds.s0022-0302(82)82162-0

Cited by 55 publications

(55 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…A decreased production response has also been reported for rbST-supplemented primiparous cows provided an SDP of 30 days (Annen et al, 2004b). This parity sensitivity to CM or SDP was observed previously in commercial trials (Remond et al, 1997a and1997b) and in retrospective studies of dairy records (Wilton et al, 1967;Dias and Allaire, 1982). As might be expected, the impact of SDP on milk yield loss is not as great as CM.…”

Section: Impact On Milk Yieldsupporting

confidence: 74%

Effects of continuous lactation and short dry periods on mammary function and animal health

Collier

Annen-Dawson

Pezeshki

2012

Animal

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The dry period is required to facilitate cell turnover in the bovine mammary gland in order to optimize milk yield in the next lactation. Traditionally, an 8-week dry period has been a standard management practice for dairy cows based on retrospective analyses of milk yields following various dry period lengths. However, as milk production per cow has increased, transitioning cows from the nonlactating state to peak milk yield has grown more problematic. This has prompted new studies on dry period requirements for dairy cows. These studies indicate a clear parity effect on dry period requirement. First parity animals require a 60-day dry period, whereas lactations following later parities demonstrate no negative impact with 30-day dry period or even eliminating the dry period when somatotropin (ST) is also used to maintain milk yields. Shortened dry periods in first parity animals were associated with reduced mammary cell turnover during the dry period and early lactation and increased numbers of senescent cells and reduced functionality of lactating alveolar mammary cells postpartum. Use of ST and increased milking frequency postpartum reduced the impact of shortened dry periods. The majority of new intramammary infections occur during the dry period and persist into the following lactation. There is therefore the possibility of altering mastitis incidence by modifying or eliminating the dry period in older parity animals. As the composition of mammary secretions including immunoglobulins may be reduced when the dry period is reduced or eliminated, there is the possibility that the immune status of cows during the peripartum period is influenced by the length of the dry period.

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Section: Impact On Milk Yieldsupporting

confidence: 74%

Effects of continuous lactation and short dry periods on mammary function and animal health

Collier

Annen-Dawson

Pezeshki

2012

Animal

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Section: Comparison Of Results To Previously Published Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Dias and Allaire [8] appears to be one of the very few studies to look at whether dry period to maximize yield depended on anything other than parity. In contrast to this study, however, Dias and Allaire [8] aimed to determine the dry period length that maximized daily yield across 2 adjacent lactations. They concluded: (1) cows with longer calving intervals need fewer DD than cows with shorter calving intervals, (2) older cows require fewer DD than younger cows, and (3) high producing cows need longer dry periods than lower producing cows.…”

Section: Comparison Of Results To Previously Published Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

Minimum days dry to maximize milk yield in subsequent lactation

2005

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-The objective of this research was to determine the effect of days dry (DD) on actual milk yield and to identify the minimum dry period length needed to maximize milk yield in the subsequent lactation. Field data collected through the U.S. dairy herd improvement association from January, 1997 to December, 2003 and extracted from the Animal Improvement Programs Laboratory national database were used for analysis. Actual lactation records calculated from test-day yields using the test-interval method were used in this study. The model for analysis included herd-year of calving, year-state-month of calving, previous lactation milk yield, age at calving, and DD as a categorical variable. Interactions were added to this model to determine if the effects of DD on subsequent lactation milk yield depended on previous lactation milk yield, age at calving, somatic cell score, or days open. Milk yield in the subsequent lactations was generally maximized with a 60 to 65 d dry period, regardless of parity. Days dry effects on milk yield were, for the most part, consistent across lactations, although dry periods < 35 d are somewhat more detrimental to milk yield after first lactation than after second and later lactations. Dry periods less than 20 d result in very pronounced losses in subsequent lactation yield. A short dry period (< 40 d) for high producing cows that bred back early in lactation proved to be the worst combination in terms of maximizing subsequent lactation milk yield. days dry / lactational milk yield Résumé -Période de tarissement minimale pour maximiser la production laitière pendant la lactation suivante. L'objectif de cette recherche a été de déterminer les effets de la durée de la période de tarissement (PT) sur la production totale de lait pendant la lactation suivant le tarissement, et d'identifier la période minimale nécessaire pour maximiser cette production. Les données utilisées dans cette étude ont été collectées auprès d'associations d'éleveurs laitiers d'Amérique du Nord entre janvier 1997 et décembre 2003, et extraites de la base nationale de l'Animal Improvement Programs Laboratory. La production laitière totale, calculée à partir des productions mensuelles, a été utilisée dans cette étude. Le modèle d'analyse contenait les effets du troupeau-année de vêlage, de l'âge au vêlage, et de la durée de la PT. Des interactions furent ajoutées au modèle pour déterminer si les effets de la PT sur la production après tarissement dépendaient de la production avant tarissement, de l'âge au vêlage, du score de cellules somatiques et de l'intervalle vêlage-insémination fécondante. La production de lait après tarissement a généralement été maximale pour une PT de 60 à 65 jours, quelle que soit la parité. Les effets de la durée de la PT sur la production laitière ont généralement été constants quelle que soit la parité, mais de courtes PT après la première lactation ont été plus néfastes à la production laitière que de courtes PT après les lactations de parités supérieures. Des PT inférieures à 20 ...

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“…Observational studies (such as Dias & Allaire, 1982;Kuhn et al, 2006) have much greater statistical power and accuracy of estimates but lack control over some unknown variables; designed trials generally lack power and accuracy but have more control over some extraneous variables and thereby provide confirmation for results found in observational studies (Kuhn et al, 2006). Observational data will be affected by many factors, in addition to dry period length, that are highly related to subsequent milk production.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efecto de la duración del período seco en la posterior producción y reproducción en vacas Holstein

Hossein-Zadeh¹,

Mohit²

2013

Span. j. agric. res.

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Calving records of Holstein cows from January 1983 to December 2006 comprising 1,190 herds with 384,717 calving events were used to evaluate factors affecting the dry period length and effect of current dry days on the next productive and reproductive performances of Holstein cows. Statistical analyses of dry days, productive and reproductive traits in this study were performed as linear mixed models. Dry period length (DD) of cows was grouped into 14 classes from < 10 days through > 130 days. Average DD was 100.46 days in Holstein cows. Primiparous cows had the lowest DD and the mean of DD decreased over the years from 1983 to 2006 and summer calvers had the shortest DD (p < 0.001). Cows within the DD classes of 51-60 and 61-70 had the greatest actual milk yield, mature equivalent milk yield, adjusted milk yield, adjusted fat yield, mature equivalent milk yield, adjusted protein yield and mature equivalent protein yield (p < 0.05). Also, cows within the DD class of 0-10 had the greatest adjusted fat percentage, mature equivalent fat percentage and adjusted protein percentage (p < 0.05). Our current results showed a reduction in calving interval and age at calving after cows had shorter dry days than with other longer dry period lengths (p < 0.05). Given the recent advocacy for shortened dry periods, it is worthwhile to emphasize that 51 to 70 DD does provide maximal performance in Holstein cows.Additional key words: dairy cow; dry days; productive performance; reproductive performance.

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Dry Period to Maximize Milk Production Over Two Consecutive Lactations

Cited by 55 publications

References 10 publications

Effects of continuous lactation and short dry periods on mammary function and animal health

Effects of continuous lactation and short dry periods on mammary function and animal health

Minimum days dry to maximize milk yield in subsequent lactation

Efecto de la duración del período seco en la posterior producción y reproducción en vacas Holstein

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