DTaP Vaccines from North American Vaccine (NAVA): Composition and Critical Parameters

Heron, Iver; Chen, F.M.; Fusco, Joan

doi:10.1006/biol.1999.0187

Cited by 11 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Immunization with an acellular pertussis vaccine formulated with detoxified Ptx has been shown to be a simple, safe, and effective way to prevent whooping cough in infants (17). Formation of the active toxin requires the assembly of five different subunits in the periplasm (36) and secretion through a highly selective gated channel in the outer membrane composed of at least nine Ptl proteins (55).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bordetella pertussis Autoregulates Pertussis Toxin Production through the Metabolism of Cysteine

et al. 2001

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bordetella pertussis Autoregulates Pertussis Toxin Production through the Metabolism of Cysteine

et al. 2001

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“…It includes a higher dose PT that is inactivated with hydrogen peroxide, a different method of inactivation than the more commonly used formaldehyde. Studies indicate that hydrogen peroxide inactivation of PT preserves more critical epitopes for antibody recognition than formaldehyde [82,83]. Formaldehyde treatment to inactivate PT is known to alter both conformational and linear epitopes, which could reduce vaccine effectiveness [84,85].…”

Section: Pertussis Toxin-only Vaccination and Inactivationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pertussis Toxin: A Key Component in Pertussis Vaccines?

Gregg

Merkel

2019

Toxins

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B. pertussis is a human-specific pathogen and the causative agent of whooping cough. The ongoing resurgence in pertussis incidence in high income countries is likely due to faster waning of immunity and increased asymptomatic colonization in individuals vaccinated with acellular pertussis (aP) vaccine relative whole-cell pertussis (wP)-vaccinated individuals. This has renewed interest in developing more effective vaccines and treatments and, in support of these efforts, defining pertussis vaccine correlates of protection and the role of vaccine antigens and toxins in disease. Pertussis and its toxins have been investigated by scientists for over a century, yet we still do not have a clear understanding of how pertussis toxin (PT) contributes to disease symptomology or how anti-PT immune responses confer protection. This review covers PT’s role in disease and evidence for its protective role in vaccines. Clinical data suggest that PT is a defining and essential toxin for B. pertussis pathogenesis and, when formulated into a vaccine, can prevent disease. Additional studies are required to further elucidate the role of PT in disease and vaccine-mediated protection, to inform the development of more effective treatments and vaccines.

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“…The aP vaccines used in Denmark are unique compared with other aPs around the world in that (i) they contain high amounts of PTx at 40 µg for the infant series and 20 µg for the preschool booster, and (ii) the toxoid is prepared by hydrogen peroxide detoxification of the pertussis toxin, rather than the formaldehyde and/or glutaraldehyde inactivation used by many other manufacturers (reviewed in [ 11 ]). Detoxification by hydrogen peroxide has been shown to result in a lower degree of epitope impairment of the toxin compared with formaldehyde, and the generated immune response may therefore be more effective [ 12 , 13 ]. Moreover, the Danish aP vaccines elicit a stronger antibody response against pertussis toxin than a number of other aPs [ 11 , 14 , 15 ].…”

Section: Background On Pertussis Vaccination and Diagnostics In Denmamentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiology of pertussis in Denmark, 1995 to 2013

2016

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We describe incidence and age distribution of laboratory-confirmed pertussis in Denmark from 1995 to 2013. Notification has been mandatory since 2007. Since 1997, an acellular monocomponent vaccine has been used. The latest epidemic occurred in 2002 with an incidence of 36 per 100,000; since 1995, only six infant deaths have been recorded. The inter-epidemic incidence lies below 10 per 100,000. In 1995, the mean age of confirmed cases was 9.2 years (95% confidence interval (CI): 7.9–10.5; median: 5.1), this gradually increased to 23.9 years in 2013 (95% CI: 22.0–25.8; median: 15.7). In 1995, 14% of laboratory-confirmed cases were 20 years and older, 43% in 2013. In the study period, the highest incidence among children was among those younger than one year with incidences between 84 and 331 per 100,000 in inter-epidemic periods (mean: 161/100,000) and 435 for the epidemic in 2002. After introduction of a preschool booster in 2003, the highest incidence among children one year and older changed gradually from three to five-year-olds in 2003 to 12 to 14-year-olds in 2013. In 2013, PCR was the primary method used for laboratory-diagnosis of pertussis in Denmark, while serology was the method with the highest percentage of positive results.

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DTaP Vaccines from North American Vaccine (NAVA): Composition and Critical Parameters

Cited by 11 publications

References 9 publications

Bordetella pertussis Autoregulates Pertussis Toxin Production through the Metabolism of Cysteine

Bordetella pertussis Autoregulates Pertussis Toxin Production through the Metabolism of Cysteine

Pertussis Toxin: A Key Component in Pertussis Vaccines?

Epidemiology of pertussis in Denmark, 1995 to 2013

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