In this paper, the linear active disturbance rejection control (LADRC) is applied to the position control of a dicing saw chuck table, which is used to improve the steady-state accuracy and anti-interference ability of the control system. Aiming at the problem that LADRC parameters are difficult to adjust, a parameter adjustment method based on an improved sand cat swarm algorithm is proposed. The nonlinear convergence factor strategy and multiple chaotic map optimization strategy are used to improve the algorithm. In order to verify the performance of the proposed method, the improved sand cat swarm optimization algorithm is compared with the standard sand cat swarm optimization algorithm, grey wolf optimization algorithm and salp swarm optimization algorithm. The final experimental results show that using the improved sand cat swarm optimization algorithm to optimize the LADRC controller has higher steady-state accuracy, stronger anti-interference ability, and better optimization results.