Dual and triple shape memory properties of poly(ε-caprolactone)-based cross-linked polymer elastomers

Li, Hong; Gao, Yi Qin; Zhao, Teng; Gao, Wei; He, Xiangning; Cong, Riyao; Xie, Xiaolin; Luo, Jia; Su, Chuwang

doi:10.1016/j.polymertesting.2022.107738

Cited by 11 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…This means that the PLA is a rigid plastic at room temperature (25°C), which restricts the movement of the molecular chains, and the modulus is in a higher state at this time. At 60°C the movement of the molecular chains is no longer restricted, and the value of E ′ decreases 68 . For the blends, the transition temperature of about 60°C was also observed.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 87%

“…At 60 C the movement of the molecular chains is no longer restricted, and the value of E 0 decreases. 68 For the blends, the transition temperature of about 60 C was also observed. Furthermore, it can be seen that the copolymers greatly lowered the E 0 of the blends implying that its addition can ameliorate the flexibility of the blends, which is conducive to storing more kinetic energy during the shape-fixing process.…”

Section: Dynamic Mechanical Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 87%

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Evaluation of shape memory effect in PLA/copolymers blends

Cunha

Cavalcanti

Agrawal

et al. 2023

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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In this work, polylactic acid (PLA)/copolymer blends were prepared by melt blending. Ethylene‐glycidyl methacrylate (E‐GMA) and ethylene‐butyl acrylate‐maleic anhydride (EBA‐MAH) functional block copolymers were used. A ternary blend of PLA/E‐GMA/EBA‐MAH was also studied. FTIR analyses evidenced the occurrence of reactive compatibilization of E‐GMA and EBA‐MAH with PLA in the binary blends due to the reactivity of the GMA and MAH functional groups with the terminal hydroxyl and carboxyl groups of PLA. Rheological measurements evidenced the occurrence of cross‐link reactions between E‐GMA and EBA‐MAH copolymers in the ternary blend. Three distinct morphologies were observed in the blends: PLA/E‐GMA exhibited a sea‐island structure, PLA/EBA‐MAH exhibited a co‐continuous structure, and PLA/E‐GMA/EBA‐MAH exhibited a semi‐interpenetrating polymer network (SIPN) structure. The shape memory effect (SME) of PLA and PLA/copolymers blends was evaluated by three different methods: fold‐deploy, tension, and torsion. Fold‐deploy tests were conducted in a water bath, whereas the tension and torsion tests were conducted using a rheometer. All methods proved to be effective; however, some precautions must be taken to choose the most suitable test for a given purpose, which is thoroughly discussed in this work. The SME of PLA was enhanced through the incorporation of the copolymers. Blending PLA with E‐GMA, EBA‐MAH, and E‐GMA/EBA‐MAH copolymers increased its shape recovery from 32% to 84%, 79.2%, and 80%, respectively, while its shape fixity remained around 100%.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 87%

Section: Dynamic Mechanical Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 87%

Evaluation of shape memory effect in PLA/copolymers blends

Cunha

Cavalcanti

Agrawal

et al. 2023

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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“…After 4 cycles, the film could still return to its original shape, indicating an excellent thermally induced shape memory. 109 The effect of processing history could be seen in the first cycle; however, both R r and R f improved by increasing the number of test cycles, leading to the better shape memory effect resulting from memory stress reduction and shape memory training. 39,46 During the first cycle, thermal shape recovery leads to a reduction in the entropy and disentanglement of some entanglements, diminishing the ability of polymer chains to return to their previous random coils.…”

Section: ■ Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…The calculated values for both R r and R f were as high as reported for common shape memory polymers. , High storage modulus below T g and excellent rubber elasticity above T g contributed to high R r and R f . After 4 cycles, the film could still return to its original shape, indicating an excellent thermally induced shape memory …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heat-Induced Actuator Fibers: Starch-Containing Biopolyamide Composites for Functional Textiles

Baniasadi,

Madani,

Mohan

et al. 2023

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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This study introduces the development of a thermally responsive shape-morphing fabric using low-melting-point polyamide shape memory actuators. To facilitate the blending of biomaterials, we report the synthesis and characterization of a biopolyamide with a relatively low melting point. Additionally, we present a straightforward and solvent-free method for the compatibilization of starch particles with the synthesized biopolyamide, aiming to enhance the sustainability of polyamide and customize the actuation temperature. Subsequently, homogeneous dispersion of up to 70 wt % compatibilized starch particles into the matrix is achieved. The resulting composites exhibit excellent mechanical properties comparable to those reported for soft and tough materials, making them well suited for textile integration. Furthermore, cyclic thermomechanical tests were conducted to evaluate the shape memory and shape recovery of both plain polyamide and composites. The results confirmed their remarkable shape recovery properties. To demonstrate the potential application of biocomposites in textiles, a heat-responsive fabric was created using thermoresponsive shape memory polymer actuators composed of a biocomposite containing 50 wt % compatibilized starch. This fabric demonstrates the ability to repeatedly undergo significant heat-induced deformations by opening and closing pores, thereby exposing hidden functionalities through heat stimulation. This innovative approach provides a convenient pathway for designing heat-responsive textiles, adding value to state-of-the-art smart textiles.

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“…117 As an alternative to multiblock systems utilizing a hard segment, crosslinked PCL is used as SMP. 118,119 Additionally, polymer blends comprising PCL were investigated using SMPs. The triblock copolymer poly(styrene-b-butadiene-b-styrene)(SBS) with poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) can be used together to create an SME with high levels of fixity and recovery.…”

Section: Melting Transition-based Shape Memory Polymersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent trends in thermo‐responsive elastomeric shape memory polymer nanocomposites

et al. 2023

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Shape memory polymers (SMPs) are polymeric smart materials, a class of stimuli‐responsive polymers that can return to their initial shape from a programmed temporary shape under the application of external stimuli, such as light, heat, magnetism, and electricity. Because of these unique features, SMPs can find applications in many fields, like aerospace, biomedical devices, flexible electronics, soft robotics, shape memory arrays, and 4D printing. The comparatively low density, low cost, easy biodegradability, and biocompatibility make SMPs a better candidate for shape memory applications. Among them, thermo‐responsive SMPs can revert to their permanent shape depending on a temperature greater than their polymer transition temperature. Thermo‐responsive SMPs combine semi‐crystalline or elastomeric polymers with improved mechanical and electrical properties. Integrating nanofillers into the polymer elastomer matrices can further enhance these properties, forming shape‐memory polymer nanocomposites (SMPNCs). This review focuses on the basics, design, and classifications of thermo‐responsive SMPs and the characteristics of elastomers and blends of polymers used. Incorporating various nanofillers to get SMPNCs to have improved properties over SMPs is also presented. The importance of Tg (glass transition temperature) and Tm (melting temperature) based SMPs and SMPNCs, various elastomers used, and the methods for preparation like solution casting, melt compounding, in situ polymerization, and their possible future applications are also discussed.

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Dual and triple shape memory properties of poly(ε-caprolactone)-based cross-linked polymer elastomers

Cited by 11 publications

References 33 publications

Evaluation of shape memory effect in PLA/copolymers blends

Evaluation of shape memory effect in PLA/copolymers blends

Heat-Induced Actuator Fibers: Starch-Containing Biopolyamide Composites for Functional Textiles

Recent trends in thermo‐responsive elastomeric shape memory polymer nanocomposites

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