Dual anisotropicity comprising 3D printed structures and magnetic nanoparticle assemblies: towards the promotion of mesenchymal stem cell osteogenic differentiation

Abstract

Leveraging physical factors in cellular microenvironments to promote adipose tissue-derived stem cell (ADSC) osteogenic differentiation has emerged as a new strategy in the development of scaffolds for bone tissue engineering. Anisotropicity is one of those factors of interest; however, the utilization of anisotropicity to promote ADSC osteogenic differentiation is still not efficient. In this study, we designed a substrate with a dual anisotropic structure fabricated via a combination of 3D printing and magnetic field-induced magnetic nanoparticle assembly techniques. These dual anisotropic structures have a scale hierarchy, and the scale of the magnetic nanoparticle assemblies matches that of a single ADSC. This is in contrast to conventional anisotropic osteogenic induction scaffolds that have anisotropic structures at only one scale and at an order of magnitude different from single ADSCs. ADSCs cultured on substrates with such structures have significantly higher osteogenic marker expression, e.g., ALP, at both the protein and mRNA levels, and more calcium nodule formation was also found, suggesting a stronger tendency toward osteogenic differentiation of ADSCs. RNA-seq data revealed that alterations in kinase signaling pathway transduction, cell adhesion, and cytoskeletal reconstruction may account for the elevated osteogenic induction capacity. These data support our hypothesis that such a structure could maximize the anisotropicity that ADSCs can sense and therefore promote ADSC osteogenic differentiation.

Ion elemental-optimized layered double hydroxide nanoparticles promote chondrogenic differentiation and intervertebral disc regeneration of mesenchymal stem cells through focal adhesion signaling pathway

“…With the advanced use of MSCs in stem cell-mediated transplantation, effective functional optimization can improve the application outcomes [ [26] , [27] , [28] , [29] ]. Regulation of the fate of MSCs by bioactive materials could enable new theoretical strategies.…”

Recent developments in stimuli‐responsive hydrogels for biomedical applications

“…Thus, magnetic field-responsive hydrogels show great potential for tissue engineering, biomimetic composites, cancer therapy, and targeted drug delivery. Gu et al [38] fabricated a magnetic scaffold and explored its ability to activate cell differentiation and promote bone regeneration upon exposure to an external magnetic field. In addition, magnetic nanoparticles vibrate under a magnetic field, resulting in locally increased temperatures that can promote therapeutic efficacy in cancer through thermal ablation [39].…”

Injectable decellularized cartilage matrix hydrogel encapsulating urine-derived stem cells for immunomodulatory and cartilage defect regeneration

“…In recent years, incorporating stem cells into biomaterials to promote cartilage regeneration has attracted much interest 13,14 . Adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) [15][16][17] , bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) 18,19 and synovial membrane mesenchymal stem cells (SM-MSCs) 20,21 have been used to induce osteogenic, adipogenic, and chondrogenic differentiation in vivo. Despite the extensive effort and remarkable progress, the disadvantages of such cells, including invasive acquisition, limited proliferation capacity, and poor maintenance of their phenotype, are yet to be overcome 22 .…”