Dual anticancer activity in a single compound: visible-light-induced apoptosis by an antiangiogenic iridium complex

Abstract

A metal complex is identified in which the metal fulfills two independent functions: as a structural scaffold for the specific molecular recognition of protein kinases resulting in antiangiogenic properties, together with a visible-light-induced photoreactivity triggering apopotosis in cancer cells.

Phosphorescent iridium(III)-bis-N-heterocyclic carbene complexes as mitochondria-targeted theranostic and photodynamic anticancer agents

“…The phototoxic indexes of 3 against HeLa, A549 and A549R are 49, 239 and 3488, respectively. To the best of our knowledge, these are among the highest phototoxic index values ever reported for iridium complexes [41,64,65]. The result suggests that these Ir(III)eNHCs complexes may be used as potent photodynamic therapeutic agents.…”

Rhenium Complexes with Red‐Light‐Induced Anticancer Activity

“…Nanomolar IC 50 values determined against the protein kinase Pim1 demonstrate that this class of complexes shows promise as dual function anticancer agents in which PDT is combined with targeted therapy due to protein kinase inhibition. [10] …”

Organometallic Complexes as Enzyme Inhibitors: A Conceptual Overview

“…Apart from ruthenium(II) [8,20,21,25,[27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38] and osmium(II) [26], iridium (III), [24,[39][40][41][42] platinum(II) [43], and rhodium(III) [42,44,45] have also served as metal centers for kinase inhibitors. Apart from ruthenium(II) [8,20,21,25,[27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38] and osmium(II) [26], iridium (III), [24,[39][40][41][42] platinum(II) [43], and rhodium(III) [42,…”

“…It includes GSK3α [22,47], GSK3β [33,49], Pim1 [31,44], Pim2 [27], PAK1 [25,46], MST1 [29], BRAF [36], PI3Kγ [37], FLT4 [39,40], TrkA [35], DAPK1 [24], MYLK [48], PKCδ [45], among others (Figure 1.9). It includes GSK3α [22,47], GSK3β [33,49], Pim1 [31,44], Pim2 [27], PAK1 [25,46], MST1 [29], BRAF [36], PI3Kγ [37], FLT4 [39,40], TrkA [35], DAPK1 [24], MYLK [48], PKCδ [45], among others (Figure 1.9).…”

“…It includes GSK3α [22,47], GSK3β [33,49], Pim1 [31,44], Pim2 [27], PAK1 [25,46], MST1 [29], BRAF [36], PI3Kγ [37], FLT4 [39,40], TrkA [35], DAPK1 [24], MYLK [48], PKCδ [45], among others (Figure 1.9). Changes in the electronic properties of the metal ion lead to different excited state energies, possibly introducing previously unavailable side reactivity [40,50]. ligands, which can be altered or exchangedin addition to the metal itself.…”